Ganthārambhakathā

AvijjālaṅgiṃV0.1P1.1M0.1 ghātento , nandirāgañca mūlato ;

Bhāventaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ , phusi yo amataṃ padaṃ .

Pāpuṇitvā jino bodhiṃ , migadāyaṃ vigāhiya ;

Dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā , theraṃ koṇḍaññamādito .

Aṭṭhārasannaṃ koṭīnaṃ , bodhesi tāpaso tahiṃ ;

Vandehaṃ sirasā tañca , sabbasattānamuttamaṃ .

TathāV0.2 dhammuttamañceva , saṅghañcāpi anuttaraṃ ;

Saṃkhittena hi yo vuttaṃ , dhammacakkaṃ vibhāgaso .

Sāriputto mahāpañño , satthukappo jinatrajo ;

Dhammacakkaṃ vibhājetvā , mahāniddesamabravi ;

Pāṭho visiṭṭho niddeso , taṃnāmavisesito ca .

Taṃ sāriputtaṃ jinarājaputtaṃ , theraṃ thirānekaguṇādhivāsaṃ ;

Paññāpabhāvuggatacārukittiṃ , sunīcavuttiñca atho namitvā .

KhamādayādiyuttenaM0.2 , yuttamuttādivādinā ;

Bahussutena therena , devena abhiyācito .

MahāvihāravāsīnaṃP1.2 , sajjhāyamhi patiṭṭhito ;

Gahetabbaṃ gahetvāna , porāṇesu vinicchayaṃ .

Avokkamento samayaṃ sakañca , anāmasanto samayaṃ parañca ;

Pubbopadesaṭṭhakathānayañca , yathānurūpaṃ upasaṃharanto .

Ñāṇappabhedāvahanassa tassa , yogīhi nekehi nisevitassa ;

Atthaṃ apubbaṃ anuvaṇṇayanto , suttañca yuttiñca anukkamento .

Ārabhissaṃ samāsena , mahāniddesavaṇṇanaṃ ;

Saddhammabahumānena , nāttukkaṃsanakamyatā .

Vakkhāmahaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ janassa , hitāya saddhammaciraṭṭhitatthaṃ ;

Sakkacca saddhammapajotikaṃ taṃ , suṇātha dhāretha ca sādhu santoti .

Tattha ‘‘ pāṭho visiṭṭho niddeso , taṃnāmavisesito cā ’’ ti vuttattā duvidho pāṭho – byañjanapāṭho , atthapāṭho ca .

Tesu byañjanapāṭho akkharapadabyañjanaākāraniruttiniddesavasenaV0.3 chabbidho .

Atthapāṭho saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chabbidho .

Tattha tīsu dvāresu parisuddhapayogabhāvena visuddhakaruṇānaṃ cittena pavattitadesanā vācāhi akathitattā adesitattā akkharamiti saññitā , taṃ pārāyanikabrāhmaṇānaṃ manasā pucchitapañhānaṃ vasena bhagavatā ratanaghare nisīditvā sammasitapaṭṭhānamahāpakaraṇavasena ca akkharaṃ nāmāti gahetabbaṃ .

AthaM0.3 vā aparipuṇṇaṃ padaṃ akkharamiti gahetabbaṃ ‘‘ saṭṭhivassasahassānī ’’ tiP1.3 evamādīsu ( pe . va .802; jā .1.4.54; netti .120) viya .

Ettha hi sa kāra na kāra so kārādīni akkharamiti , ekakkharaṃ vā padaṃ akkharamiti eke .

‘‘ Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobhavikā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .14; vibha .203; ma . ni .3.374; paṭi . ma .2.30) vibhatyantaṃ atthajotakaṃ akkharapiṇḍaṃ padaṃ .

‘‘ Nāmañca rūpañcā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dha . sa . dukamātikā 109; su . ni .878; mahāni .107; cūḷani . ajitamāṇavapucchāniddeso 6; netti .45) bahuakkharehi yuttaṃ padaṃ nāma .

Saṃkhittena vuttaṃ padaṃ vibhāveti .

Padena abhihitaṃ byañjayati byattaṃ pākaṭaṃ karotīti byañjanaṃ , vākyameva .

‘‘ Cattāro iddhipādā ’’ ti saṅkhepena kathitamatthaṃ .

‘‘ Katame cattāro ?

Idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti .

Vīriyacittavīmaṃsasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāvetī ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .431; saṃ . ni .5.813; dī . ni .3.306; a . ni .4.276) pākaṭakaraṇabhāvena byañjanaṃ nāma .

Byañjanavibhāgapakāso ākāro .

‘‘ Tattha katamo chando ?

Yo chando chandikatā kattukamyatā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( vibha .433) kathitabyañjanaṃ anekavidhena vibhāgakaraṇaṃ ākāro nāma .

Ākārābhihitassa nibbacanaṃ nirutti .

‘‘ Phasso , vedanā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dha . sa .1) ākārena kathitaṃ ‘‘ phusatīti phasso .

Vediyatīti vedanā ’’ ti nīharitvā vacanaṃ nirutti nāma .

Nibbacanavitthāro nissesato desoti niddeso , vediyatīti vedanāti nibbacanaladdhapadaṃ ‘‘ sukhā dukkhā adukkhamasukhā , sukhayatīti sukhā , dukkhayatīti dukkhā , neva dukkhayati na sukhayatīti adukkhamasukhā ’’ ti atthavitthāro niravasesena kathitattā niddeso nāma .

EvaṃP1.4 chabbidhāni byañjanapadāni jānitvā ca chasu atthapadesu saṅkhepato kāsanā dīpanā saṅkāsanā ,‘‘ maññamāno kho , bhikkhu , bandho mārassa amaññamāno mutto pāpimato ’’ ti evamādīsu saṅkhepena atthadīpanā saṅkāsanā nāma .

Eso pana thero ‘‘ buddhena bhagavatāV0.4 evaṃ saṅkhepaṃ katvā vuttamatthaṃ ‘ aññātaṃ bhagavā , aññātaṃ sugatā ’’’ ti kathetuṃ samattho paṭivijjhi .

UpariM0.4 vattabbamatthaṃ ādito kāsanā dīpanā pakāsanā ,‘‘ sabbaṃ , bhikkhave , ādittan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .54; saṃ . ni .4.28) pacchā kathitabbamatthaṃ paṭhamavacanena dīpanā pakāsanā nāma .

Evaṃ paṭhamaṃ dīpitaṃ atthaṃ puna pākaṭaṃ katvā dīpanena ‘‘ kiñca , bhikkhave , sabbaṃ ādittaṃ ?

Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave , ādittaṃ , rūpā ādittā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .54; saṃ . ni .4.28) kathitesu ‘‘ tikkhindriyo saṅkhepena vuttaṃ paṭivijjhatī ’’ ti kathitattā dve atthapadāni tikkhindriyassa upakāravasena vuttāni .

Saṃkhittassa vitthārābhidhānaṃ sakiṃ vuttassa ca punapi abhidhānaṃ vivaraṇaṃ ,‘‘ kusalā dhammā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1) saṅkhepena nikkhittassa .

‘‘ Katame dhammā kusalā ?

Yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hotī ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1) niddesavasena vitthāraṇaṃ vitthāravasena puna kathanaṃ vivaraṇaṃ nāma .

Taṃ vibhāgakaraṇaṃ vibhajanaṃ ,‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1) vivarite kusale dhamme ‘‘ tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti , vedanā hotī ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1) vibhāgakaraṇaṃ vibhajanaṃ nāma .

Vivarassa vitthārābhidhānena vibhattassa ca upamābhidhānenaP1.5 paṭipādanaṃ uttānīkaraṇaṃ , vivaraṇena vivaritatthassa ‘‘ katamo tasmiṃ samaye phasso hoti ?

Yo tasmiṃ samaye phasso phusanā samphusanā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .2) ativivaritvā kathanañca vibhajanena vibhattassa ‘‘ seyyathāpi , bhikkhave , gāvī niccammā , evameva khvāhaṃ , bhikkhave , phassāhāro daṭṭhabboti vadāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.63) evamādiupamākathanañca uttānīkaraṇaṃ nāma .

Dhammaṃ suṇantānaṃ dhammadesanena cittassa anekavidhena somanassauppādanañca atikhiṇabuddhīnaṃ anekavidhena ñāṇassa tikhiṇabhāvakaraṇañca paññatti nāma , tesaṃ suṇantānaṃ taṃcittatosanena taṃcittanisāmanena ca paññāyatīti paññatti .

Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāsayati , padehi pakāsayati , byañjanehi vivarati , ākārehi vibhajati , niruttīhi uttānīkaroti , niddesehi paññāpayatīti .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Buddhā bhagavanto ekacce veneyye ekasmiṃ desane akkharehi atthasaṅkāsanaṃ karonti … pe … niddesehi atthapaññāpanaṃ karontīti ayamettha adhippāyo .

AthaV0.5 vā akkharehi saṅkāsayitvā padehi pakāsayati , byañjanehi vivaritvā ākārehi vibhajati , niruttīhi uttānīkatvā niddesehi paññāpayatiM0.5 .

Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?

Evarūpena dhammadesanena ekaccesu ṭhānesu ekaccānaṃ veneyyānaṃ vinayatīti .

Atha vā akkharehi ugghāṭayitvā padehi pakāsento vinayati ugghaṭitaññuṃ , byañjanehi vivaritvā ākārehi vibhajanto vinayati vipañcitaññuṃ , niruttīhi uttānīkatvā niddesehi paññāpento vinayati neyyaṃ .

Iti veneyyavasenapi yojetabbameva .

Atthato panettha katamo byañjanapāṭho , katamo atthapāṭhoti ?

Buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ dhammaṃ desentānaṃ yo atthāvagamako saviññattikasaddo , so byañjanapāṭhoP1.6 .

Yo tena abhisametabbo lakkhaṇarasādisahito dhammo , so atthapāṭhoti veditabbo .

Punapi sandhāyabhāsito byañjanabhāsito sāvasesapāṭho anavasesapāṭho nīto neyyoti chabbidho pāṭho .

Tattha anekatthavattā sandhāyabhāsito ‘‘ mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā , rājāno dve ca khattiye ’’ ti evamādi ( dha . pa .294).

Ekatthavattā byañjanabhāsito ‘ manopubbaṅgamā dhammā ’’ ti evamādi ( dha . pa .1.2; netti .89,92; peṭako .14).

Sāvaseso ‘‘ sabbaṃ , bhikkhave , ādittan ’’ ti evamādi ( mahāva .54; saṃ . ni .4.28).

Viparīto anavaseso ‘‘ sabbe dhammā sabbākārena buddhassa bhagavato ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchantī ’’ ti evamādi ( mahāni .156; cūḷani . mogharājamāṇavapucchāniddeso 85; paṭi . ma .3.5).

Yathā vacanaṃ , tathā avagantabbo nīto ‘‘ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā ’’ ti evamādi .

Yuttiyā anussaritabbo neyyo ‘‘ ekapuggalo bhikkhave ’’ ti evamādi ( a . ni .1.170).

Attho pana anekappakāro pāṭhattho sabhāvattho ñāyattho pāṭhānurūpo napāṭhānurūpo sāvasesattho niravasesattho nītattho neyyattho iccādi .

Tattha yo appassatthassa ñāpanatthamuccāriyate , so pāṭhattho ‘‘ sātthaṃ sabyañjanan ’’ tiādīsu ( pārā .1; dī . ni .1.190) viya .

Rūpārūpadhammānaṃ lakkhaṇarasādisabhāvattho ‘‘ sammādiṭṭhiṃ bhāvetī ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .485; saṃ . ni .5.3) viya .

Yo ñāyamāno hitāya saṃvattati , so ñātuṃ arahatīti ñāyattho –

‘‘ atthavādī dhammavādī ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .1.9,194;3.238; ma . ni .1.411) viya .

Yathāpāṭhaṃ bhāsito pāṭhānurūpo ‘‘ cakkhuM0.6 , bhikkhave , purāṇakamman ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.146) bhagavatā vuttaṃ .

Tasmā cakkhumapi kammanti .

Byañjanacchāyāya atthaṃ paṭibāhayamānena vutto attho napāṭhānurūpo , so pāṭhato ananuññāto akatapaṭikkhepoV0.6 viyutto .

SoP1.7 ca saṅgahetabbampi asaṅgahetvā , parivajjetabbampi vā kiñci aparivajjetvā parisesaṃ katvā vutto sāvasesattho ‘‘ cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ( saṃ . ni .4.60; mahāni .107).

Sabbe tasanti daṇḍassa , sabbe bhāyanti maccuno ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .129) viya .

Viparīto niravasesattho ‘‘ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca ( dī . ni .2.155; mahāva .287; netti .114).

Tatra , bhikkhave , ko mantā ko saddhātā … pe … aññatra diṭṭhapadehī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .7.66) viya .

Saddavaseneva veditabbo nītattho ‘‘ rūpā saddā rasā gandhā , phoṭṭhabbā ca manoramā ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.151,165; mahāva .33) viya .

Sammutivasena veditabbo neyyattho ‘‘ cattārome , bhikkhave , valāhakūpamā puggalā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.101-102) viya .

Evamidha pāṭhañca atthañca vivaritvā ṭhito asaṃhīro bhavati paravādīhi dīgharattaṃ titthavāsena .

Iti asaṃhīrabhāvena yāva āgamādhigamasampadaṃ , tāva vattuṃ sakkoti .

Saṅkhepavitthāranayena hetudāharaṇādīhi avabodhayituṃ samattho .

Evaṃvidho attānañca parañca sodhetuṃ samatthabhāvena dussīlyadiṭṭhimalavirahitattā suci .

Dussīlo hi attānaṃ upahanati , tena nādeyyavāco ca bhavati sabyohāramāno idha niccāturo vejjova .

Duddiṭṭhi paraṃ upahanati , nāvassayo ca bhavati vāḷagahākulo iva kamalasaṇḍo .

Ubhayavipanno pana sabbathāpi anupāsanīyo bhavati gūthagatamiva chavālātaṃ gūthagato viya ca kaṇhasappo .

Ubhayasampanno pana sabbathāpi upāsanīyo sevitabbo ca viññūhi , nirupaddavo iva ratanākaro , evaṃ bhūto evaṃ amaccharoP1.8 ahīnācariyamuṭṭhi .

Suttasuttānulomaācariyavādaattanomatisaṅkhātānañca catunnaṃ apariccāgī , tesaṃ vasena byākhyāto .

‘‘ Ekaṃsavacanaṃ ekaṃ , vibhajjavacanaṃ padaṃ ;

Tatiyaṃ paṭipuccheyya , catutthaṃ pana ṭhāpaye ’’ ti .

EtesaṃM0.7 vā apariccāgī .

Tato eva sotūnaṃ hite niyuttattā nesaṃ avabodhanaṃ pati akilāsu bhavatīti .

Āha cettha –

‘‘ Pāṭhatthavidasaṃhīro , vattā suci amaccharo ;

Catunnaṃ apariccāgī , desakassa hitānvito ’’ ti .

EtthaV0.7 desakassāti desako assa , bhaveyyāti attho .

Hitānvitoti hite anugato hitacitto .

So eso sucittā piyo , catunnaṃ apariccāgittā garu , asaṃhīrattā bhāvanīyo , desakattā vattā , hitānvitattā vacanakkhamo , pāṭhatthavidattā gambhīrakathaṃ kattā , amaccharattā na cāṭṭhāne niyojako iti –

‘‘ Piyo garu bhāvanīyo , vattā ca vacanakkhamo ;

Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā , no cāṭṭhāne niyojako ’’ ti .( a . ni .7.37; netti .113);

‘‘ Abhihito desako so , tāva dāni abhidhīyate ’’.

Tattha dhammagaruttā kathaṃ na paribhavati , ācariyagaruttā kathikaṃ na paribhavati , saddhāpaññādiguṇapaṭimaṇḍitattā attānaṃ na paribhavati , asaṭhāmāyāvittā amatābhimukhattā ca avikkhittacitto bhavati , sumedhattā yoniso manasi karotīti .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Pañcahi , bhikkhave , dhammehi samannāgato suṇanto saddhammaṃ bhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ .

Katamehi pañcahi ?

Na kathaṃ paribhoti , na kathikaṃ paribhoti , na attānaṃ paribhoti , avikkhittacittoP1.9 dhammaṃ suṇāti ekaggacitto , yoniso manasi karotī ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.151).

Taṃlakkhaṇappattattā bhāvanaṃ bhajatīti .

Āha cettha –

‘‘ Dhammācariyagaru saddhāpaññādiguṇamaṇḍito ;

Asaṭhāmāyāvikassa , sumedho amatābhimukho ’’.

–

Iti vattā ca sotā ca .

EvaṃM0.8 vuttappakāraṃ byañjanañca atthañca dassetvā idāni yo atiaggaṃ katvā kathitattā mahāsamuddamahāpathavī viya mahā ca so niddeso cāti mahāniddeso , taṃ mahāniddesaṃ vaṇṇayissāmi .

TadetaṃV0.8 mahāniddesaṃ atthasampannaṃ byañjanasampannaṃ gambhīraṃ gambhīratthaṃ lokuttarappakāsakaṃ suññatappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ paṭipattimaggaphalavisesasādhanaṃ paṭipattipaṭipakkhapaṭisedhanaṃ yogāvacarānaṃ ñāṇavararatanākarabhūtaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ dhammakathāvilāsavisesahetubhūtaṃ saṃsārabhīrukānaṃ dukkhanissaraṇatadupāyadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ tappaṭipakkhanāsanatthañca gambhīratthānañca anekesaṃ suttantapadānaṃ atthavivaraṇena sujanahadayaparitosajananatthaṃ , tathāgatena arahatā sammāsambuddhena sabbattha appaṭihatasabbaññutaññāṇamahādīpobhāsena sakalajanavitthatamahākaruṇāsinehena veneyyajanahadayagatakilesandhakāravidhamanatthaṃ samujjalitassa saddhammamahāpadīpassa tadadhippāyavikāsanasinehaparisekena pañcavassasahassamaticirasamujjalanamicchatā lokānukampakena satthukappena dhammarājassa dhammasenāpatinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena bhāsitaṃ sutvā āyasmā ānando paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle yathāsutameva saṅgahaṃ āropesi .

So panesa vinayapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ abhidhammapiṭakantiP1.10 tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpanno , dīghanikāyo majjhimanikāyo saṃyuttanikāyo aṅguttaranikāyo khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu mahānikāyesu khuddakamahānikāyapariyāpanno , suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthā udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallanti navasu satthusāsanaṅgesu yathāsambhavaṃ gāthaṅgaveyyākaraṇaṅgadvayasaṅgahito .

‘‘ Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ , dvesahassāni bhikkhuto ;

Caturāsīti sahassāni , ye me dhammā pavattino ’’ ti .( theragā .1027)–

Dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattherena pañcasu ṭhānesu etadaggaṃ āropitena paṭiññātānaṃ caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassānaṃ bhikkhuto gahitesu dvīsu dhammakkhandhasahassesu anekasatadhammakkhandhasaṅgahito .

Tassa dve vaggā aṭṭhakavaggo pārāyanavaggo khaggavisāṇasuttañca , ekekasmiṃ vagge soḷasa soḷasa katvā khaggavisāṇasuttañcāti tettiṃsa suttāni kāmasuttādikhaggavisāṇasuttapariyosānāniM0.9 .

Evaṃ anekadhā vavatthāpitassa imassa mahāniddesassa anupubbapadatthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi .

Ayañhi mahāniddeso pāṭhato atthato ca uddisantena niddisantena ca sakkaccaṃ uddisitabbo niddisitabbo ca , uggaṇhantenāpi sakkaccaṃ uggaṇhitabbo dhāretabbo ca .

Taṃ kissa hetu ?

Gambhīrattā imassa mahāniddesassa lokahitāya loke ciraṭṭhitatthanti .

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