Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā

Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayaṃ namassitukāmo tassa visiṭṭhaguṇayogasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘ yo kappakoṭīhipī ’’ tiādimāha .

Visiṭṭhaguṇayogena hi vandanārahabhāvo , vandanārahe ca katā vandanā yathādhippetamatthaṃ sādheti .

Ettha ca saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇappayojanaṃ tattha tattha bahudhā papañcenti ācariyā .

Tathā hi vaṇṇayanti –

‘‘ Saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayavandanā saṃvaṇṇetabbassa dhammassa pabhavanissayavisuddhipaṭivedanatthaṃ , taṃ pana dhammasaṃvaṇṇanāsu viññūnaṃ bahumānuppādanatthaṃ , taṃ sammadeva tesaṃ uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamaladdhabbāya sammāpaṭipattiyā sabbahitasukhanipphādanatthaṃ .

Atha vā maṅgalabhāvatoM1.3 , sabbakiriyāsu pubbakiccabhāvato , paṇḍitehi samācaritabhāvato , āyatiṃ paresaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanato ca saṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ ratanattayapaṇāmakiriyā ’’ ti .

Mayaṃ pana idhādhippetameva payojanaṃ dassayissāma .

Tasmā saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabbaṃ .

Idameva hi payojanaṃ ācariyena idhādhippetaṃ .

Tathā hi vakkhati –

‘‘ IccevamaccantanamassaneyyaṃV1.4 ,

Namassamāno ratanattayaṃ yaṃ ;

Puññābhisandaṃ vipulaṃ alatthaṃ ,

Tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo ’’ ti .

Ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇena cettha yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ ratanattayapūjāya paññāpāṭavabhāvato , tāya paññāpāṭavañca rāgādimalavidhamanato .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

Tasmā ratanattayapūjanena vikkhālitamalāya paññāya pāṭavasiddhi .

Atha vā ratanattayapūjanassa paññāpadaṭṭhānasamādhihetuttā paññāpāṭavaṃ .

Vuttañhi tassa samādhihetuttaṃ –

‘‘ Evaṃ ujugatacitto kho , mahānāma , ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ , labhati dhammavedaṃ , labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ , pamuditassa pīti jāyati , pītimanassa kāyo passambhati , passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati , sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .11.11.).

Samādhissa ca paññāya padaṭṭhānabhāvo vuttoyeva ‘‘ samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.99; mi . pa .2.1.14).

Tato evaṃ paṭubhūtāya paññāya paṭiññāmahattakataṃM1.4 khedamabhibhuyya anantarāyena saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samāpayissati .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ anantarāyena parisamāpanatthan ’’ ti .

Atha vā ratanattayapūjāya āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavaḍḍhanato anantarāyena parisamāpanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Ratanattayapaṇāmena hi āyuvaṇṇasukhabalāni vaḍḍhanti .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ AbhivādanasīlissaV1.5 , niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino ;

Cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti , āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ balan ’’ ti .( dha . pa .109);

Tato āyuvaṇṇasukhabalavuḍḍhiyā hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānamiti vuttaṃ ‘‘ anantarāyena parisamāpanatthan ’’ ti .

Atha vā ratanattayagāravassa paṭibhānāparihānāvahattā .

Aparihānāvahañhi tīsupi ratanesu gāravaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Sattime , bhikkhave , aparihāniyā dhammā .

Katame satta ?

Satthugāravatā dhammagāravatā saṅghagāravatā sikkhāgāravatā samādhigāravatā kalyāṇamittatā sovacassatā ’’ ti ( a . ni .7.34).

Hoteva ca tato paṭibhānāparihānena yathāpaṭiññātaparisamāpanaṃ .

Atha vā pasādavatthūsu pūjāya puññātisayabhāvato .

Vuttañhi tassa puññātisayattaṃ –

‘‘ Pūjārahe pūjayato , buddhe yadiva sāvake ;

Papañcasamatikkante , tiṇṇasokapariddave .

‘‘ Te tādise pūjayato , nibbute akutobhaye ;

Na sakkā puññaṃ saṅkhātuṃ , imettamapi kenacī ’’ ti .( dha . pa .195-196; apa . thera 1.10.1-2);

Puññātisayo ca yathādhippetaparisamāpanupāyo .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Esa devamanussānaṃ , sabbakāmadado nidhi ;

Yaṃ yadevābhipatthenti , sabbametena labbhatī ’’ ti .( khu . pā .8.10);

UpāyesuV1.6 ca paṭipannassa hoteva kāriyaniṭṭhānaṃ .

Ratanattayapūjā hi niratisayapuññakkhettasaṃbuddhiyā aparimeyyappabhavo puññātisayoti bahuvidhantarāyepiM1.5 lokasannivāse antarāyanibandhanasakalasaṃkilesaviddhaṃsanāya pahoti , bhayādiupaddavañca nivāreti .

Tasmā suvuttaṃ ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ratanattayapaṇāmakaraṇaṃ yathāpaṭiññātasaṃvaṇṇanāya anantarāyena parisamāpanatthanti veditabban ’’ ti .

Evaṃ pana sappayojanaṃ ratanattayavandanaṃ kattukāmo paṭhamaṃ tāva bhagavato vandanaṃ kātuṃ tammūlakattā sesaratanānaṃ ‘‘ yo kappa … pe … mahākāruṇikassa tassā ’’ ti āha .

Ettha pana yassā desanāya saṃvaṇṇanaṃ kattukāmo , sā yasmā karuṇāppadhānā , na suttantadesanā viya karuṇāpaññāppadhānā , nāpi abhidhammadesanā viya paññāppadhānā , tasmā karuṇāppadhānameva bhagavato thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ .

Esā hi ācariyassa pakati , yadidaṃ ārambhānurūpathomanā .

Teneva suttantadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘ karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ , paññāpajjotavihatamohataman ’’ ti karuṇāpaññāppadhānaṃ , abhidhammadesanāya saṃvaṇṇanārambhe ‘‘ karuṇā viya sattesu , paññā yassa mahesino ’’ ti paññāppadhānañca thomanaṃ āraddhaṃ .

Karuṇāpaññāppadhānā hi suttantadesanā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ āsayānusayādhimutticariyādibhedaparicchindanasamatthāya paññāya sattesu ca mahākaruṇāya tattha sātisayappavattito .

Suttantadesanāya hi mahākaruṇāsamāpattibahulo veneyyasantānesu tadajjhāsayānulomena gambhīramatthapadaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi .

Abhidhammadesanā ca kevalaṃ paññāppadhānā paramatthadhammānaṃ yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhasamatthāya paññāya tattha sātisayappavattito .

Vinayadesanā pana āsayādinirapekkhaṃ kevalaṃ karuṇāya pākatikasattenapi asotabbārahaṃ suṇanto apucchitabbārahaṃ pucchanto avattabbārahañca vadanto bhagavā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapesīti karuṇāppadhānā .

Tathā hi ukkaṃsapariyantagatahirottappopi bhagavā lokiyasādhujanehipi pariharitabbāni ‘‘ sikharaṇīsī ’’ tiādīni vacanāni yathāparādhañca garahavacanāni vinayapiṭakadesanāya mahākaruṇāsañcoditamānaso mahāparisamajjhe abhāsi , taṃtaṃsikkhāpadapaññattikāraṇāpekkhāya verañjādīsu sārīrikañca khedamanubhosi .

Tasmā kiñcāpi bhūmantarapaccayākārasamayantarakathānaṃ viya vinayapaññattiyāpi samuṭṭhāpikā paññā anaññasādhāraṇatāya atisayakiccavatī , karuṇāya kiccaṃ pana tatopi adhikantiM1.6 karuṇāppadhānā vinayadesanā .

Karuṇābyāpārādhikatāya hi desanāya karuṇāppadhānatā .

Tasmā ārambhānurūpaṃ karuṇāppadhānameva ettha thomanaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ .

KaruṇāggahaṇenaV1.7 ca aparimeyyappabhāvā sabbepi buddhaguṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā taṃmūlakattā sesabuddhaguṇānaṃ .

Mahākaruṇāya vā chasu asādhāraṇañāṇesu aññatarattā taṃsahacaritasesāsādhāraṇañāṇānampi gahaṇasabbhāvato sabbepi buddhaguṇā nayato dassitāva honti .

Esoyeva hi niravasesato buddhaguṇānaṃ dassanupāyo yadidaṃ nayaggāho .

Aññathā ko nāma samattho bhagavato guṇe anupadaṃ niravasesato dassetuṃ .

Tenevāha –

‘‘ Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ ,

Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno ;

Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare ,

Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā ’’ ti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .1.304;3.141; ma . ni . aṭṭha .2.425);

Teneva ca āyasmatā sāriputtattherenapi buddhaguṇaparicchedanaṃ patianuyuttena ‘‘ no hetaṃ , bhante ’’ ti paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ apica me , bhante , dhammanvayo vidito ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.146) vuttaṃ .

Tasmā ‘‘ yo kappakoṭīhipī ’’ tiādinā karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ abhitthavīti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Ayamettha samudāyattho .

Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – yoti aniyamavacanaṃ .

Tassa ‘‘ nātho ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

‘‘ Kappakoṭīhipī ’’ tiādinā pana yāya karuṇāya so ‘‘ mahākāruṇiko ’’ ti vuccati , tassā vasena kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi appameyyaṃ kālaṃ lokahitatthāya atidukkaraṃ karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ dasseti .

Karuṇāya baleneva hi so bhagavā hatthagatampi nibbānaṃ pahāya saṃsārapaṅke nimuggaṃ sattanikāyaṃ tato samuddharaṇatthaṃ cintetumpi asakkuṇeyyaṃ nayanajīvitaputtabhariyadānādikaṃ atidukkaramakāsi .

Kappakoṭīhipi appameyyaṃ kālan ti kappakoṭigaṇanāyapi ‘‘ ettakā kappakoṭiyo ’’ ti pametuṃ asakkuṇeyyaṃ kālaṃ , kappakoṭigaṇanavasenapi paricchinditumasakkuṇeyyattā aparicchinnāni kappasatasahassādhikāniM1.7 cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Kappakoṭivaseneva hi so kālo appameyyo , asaṅkhyeyyavasena pana paricchinnoyeva .

‘‘ Kappakoṭīhipī ’’ ti api saddo kappakoṭivasenapi tāva pametuṃ na sakkā , pageva vassagaṇanāyāti dasseti .

‘‘ Appameyyaṃ kālan ’’ ti accantasaṃyoge upayogavacanaṃ ‘‘ māsamadhīte , divasaṃ caratī ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Karonto atidukkarānīti pañcamahāpariccāgādīni atidukkarāni karonto .

EvamatidukkarāniV1.8 karonto kiṃ vindīti ce ?

Khedaṃ gato , kāyikaṃ khedamupagato , parissamaṃ pattoti attho , dukkhamanubhavīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Dukkhañhi khijjati sahitumasakkuṇeyyanti ‘‘ khedo ’’ ti vuccati .

Lokahitāyāti ‘‘ anamatagge saṃsāre vaṭṭadukkhena accantapīḷitaṃ sattalokaṃ tamhā dukkhato mocetvā nibbānasukhabhāgiyaṃ karissāmī ’’ ti evaṃ sattalokassa hitakaraṇatthāyāti attho .

Assa ca ‘‘ atidukkarāni karonto ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

Lokahitāya khedaṃ gatoti yojanāyapi natthi doso .

Mahāgaṇṭhipade pi hi ‘‘ atidukkarāni karonto khedaṃ gato , kimatthanti ce ?

Lokahitāyā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Yaṃ pana evaṃ yojanaṃ asambhāventena kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘ na hi bhagavā lokahitāya saṃsāradukkhamanubhavati .

Na hi kassaci dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokassa upakāraṃ āvahatī ’’ ti , taṃ tassa matimattaṃ .

Evaṃ yojanāyapi atidukkarāni karontassa bhagavato dukkhānubhavanaṃ lokahitakaraṇatthāyāti ayamattho viññāyati , na tu dukkhānubhavaneneva lokahitasiddhīti .

Paṭhamaṃ vuttayojanāyapi hi na dukkarakaraṇamattena lokahitasiddhi .

Na hi dukkaraṃ karonto kañci sattaṃ maggaphalādīsu patiṭṭhāpeti , atha kho tādisaṃ atidukkaraṃ katvā sabbaññubhāvaṃ sacchikatvā niyyānikadhammadesanāya maggaphalādīsu satte patiṭṭhāpento lokassa hitaṃ sādheti .

Kāmañcettha sattasaṅkhārabhājanavasena tividho loko , hitakaraṇassa pana adhippetattā taṃvisayasseva sattalokassa vasena attho gahetabbo .

So hi lokīyanti ettha puññapāpāni taṃvipāko cāti ‘‘ loko ’’ ti vuccati .

Katthaci pana ‘‘ sanarāmaralokagarun ’’ tiādīsu samūhatthopi lokasaddo samudāyavasena lokīyati paññāpīyatīti .

YaṃM1.8 panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘ iminā sattalokañca jātilokañca saṅgaṇhāti , tasmā tassa sattalokassa idhalokaparalokahitaṃ , atikkantaparalokānaṃ vā ucchinnalokasamudayānaṃ idha jātiloke okāsaloke vā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhātañca hitaṃ sampiṇḍetvā lokassa , lokānaṃ , loke vā hitanti sarūpekasesaṃ katvā lokahitamiccevāhā ’’ ti , na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasaṅkhaātahitassapi sattalokavisayattā , sattalokaggahaṇeneva ucchinnamūlānaṃ khīṇāsavānampi saṅgahitattā .

Sabbattha ‘‘ kenacī ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ vajirabuddhiṭīkākārenā ’’ ti gahetabbaṃ .

‘‘ Mahāgaṇṭhipade ’’ ti vā ‘‘ majjhimagaṇṭhipade ’’ ti vā ‘‘ cūḷagaṇṭhipade ’’ ti vā vutte ‘‘ sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesū ’’ tiV1.9 gahetabbaṃ .

Kevalaṃ ‘‘ gaṇṭhipade ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ māgadhabhāsāya likhite gaṇṭhipade ’’ ti gahetabbaṃ .

Nāthoti lokapaṭisaraṇo , lokasāmī lokanāyakoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tathā hi sabbānatthapaahārapubbaṅgamāya niravasesahitasukhavidhānatapparāya niratisayāya payogasampattiyā sadevamanussāya pajāya accantupakāritāya aparimitanirupamappabhāvaguṇavisesasamaṅgitāya ca sabbasattuttamo bhagavā aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ ekapaṭisaraṇo patiṭṭhā .

Atha vā nāthatīti nātho , veneyyānaṃ hitasukhaṃ mettāyanavasena āsīsati patthetīti attho .

Atha vā nāthati veneyyagate kilese upatāpetīti attho , nāthatīti vā yācatīti attho .

Bhagavā hi ‘‘ sādhu , bhikkhave , bhikkhu kālena kālaṃ attasampattiṃ paccavekkheyyā ’’ tiādinā ( a . ni .8.7) sattānaṃ taṃ taṃ hitapaṭipattiṃ yācitvāpi karuṇāya samussāhito te tattha niyojeti .

Paramena vā cittissariyena samannāgato sabbasatte īsati abhibhavatīti paramissaro bhagavā ‘‘ nātho ’’ ti vuccati .

Sabbopi cāyamattho saddasatthānusārato veditabbo .

Mahākāruṇikassāti yo karuṇāya kampitahadayattā lokahitatthaṃ atidukkarakiriyāya anekappakāraṃ tādisaṃ saṃsāradukkhamanubhavitvā āgato , tassa mahākāruṇikassāti attho .

Tattha kiratītiM1.9 karuṇā , paradukkhaṃ vikkhipati apanetīti attho .

Dukkhitesu vā kirīyati pasārīyatīti karuṇā .

Atha vā kiṇātīti karuṇā , paradukkhe sati kāruṇikaṃ hiṃsati vibādheti , vināseti vā parassa dukkhanti attho .

Paradukkhe sati sādhūnaṃ kampanaṃ hadayakhedaṃ karotīti vā karuṇā .

Atha vā kamiti sukhaṃ , taṃ rundhatīti karuṇā .

Esā hi paradukkhāpanayanakāmatālakkhaṇā attasukhanirapekkhatāya kāruṇikānaṃ sukhaṃ rundhati vibādhetīti .

Karuṇāya niyuttoti kāruṇiko yathā ‘‘ dovāriko ’’ ti .

Yathā hi dvāraṭṭhānato aññattha vattamānopi dvārapaṭibaddhajīviko puriso dvārānativattavuttitāya dvāre niyuttoti ‘‘ dovāriko ’’ ti vuccati , evaṃ bhagavā mettādivasena karuṇāvihārato aññattha vattamānopi karuṇānativattavuttitāya karuṇāya niyuttoti ‘‘ kāruṇiko ’’ ti vuccati .

Mahābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya hi yāva mahāparinibbānā lokahitatthameva lokanāthā tiṭṭhanti .

Mahanto kāruṇikoti mahākāruṇiko .

Satipi bhagavato tadaññaguṇānampi vasena mahantabhāve kāruṇikasaddasannidhānena vuttattā karuṇāvasenettha mahantabhāvo veditabbo yathā ‘‘ mahāveyyākaraṇo ’’ ti .

Evañca katvā ‘‘ mahākāruṇikassā ’’ ti iminā padena puggalādhiṭṭhānena satthu mahākaruṇā vuttā hoti .

AthaV1.10 vā karuṇā karuṇāyanaṃ sīlaṃ pakati etassāti kāruṇiko , pathavīphassādayo viya kakkhaḷaphusanādisabhāvā karuṇāyanasabhāvo sabhāvabhūtakaruṇoti attho .

Sesaṃ purimasadisameva .

Atha vā mahāvisayatāya mahānubhāvatāya mahābalatāya ca mahatī karuṇāti mahākaruṇā .

Bhagavato hi karuṇā niravasesesu sattesu pavattati , pavattamānā ca anaññasādhāraṇā pavattati , diṭṭhadhammikādibhedañca mahantameva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ ekantato nipphādeti , mahākaruṇāya niyuttoti mahākāruṇikoti sabbaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ .

Atha vā mahatī pasatthā karuṇā assa atthīti mahākāruṇiko .

Pūjāvacano hettha mahantasaddo ‘‘ mahāpuriso ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Pasatthā ca bhagavato karuṇā mahākaruṇāsamāpattivasenapi pavattito anaññasādhāraṇattāti .

EvaṃM1.10 karuṇāmukhena saṅkhepato sakalasabbaññuguṇehi bhagavantaṃ thometvā idāni saddhammaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘ asambudhan ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha asambudhan ti pubbakālakiriyāniddeso , tassa asambujjhanto appaṭivijjhantoti attho , yathāsabhāvaṃ appaṭivijjhanatoti vuttaṃ hoti .

Hetuattho hettha antasaddo ‘‘ paṭhanto nisīdatī ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Yan ti pubbakālakiriyāya aniyamato kammaniddeso .

Buddhanisevitan ti tassa visesanaṃ .

Tattha buddhasaddassa tāva ‘‘ bujjhitā saccānīti buddho , bodhetā pajāyāti buddho ’’ tiādinā ( mahāni .192) niddesanayena attho veditabbo .

Atha vā savāsanāya aññāṇaniddāya accantavigamato , buddhiyā vā vikasitabhāvato buddhavāti buddho jāgaraṇavikasanatthavasena .

Atha vā kassacipi ñeyyadhammassa anavabuddhassa abhāvena ñeyyavisesassa kammabhāvena aggahaṇato kammavacanicchāya abhāvena avagamanatthavaseneva kattuniddeso labbhatīti buddhavāti buddho .

Atthato pana pāramitāparibhāvito sayambhūñāṇena saha vāsanāya vihataviddhaṃsitaniravasesakileso mahākaruṇāsabbaññutaññāṇādiaparimeyyaguṇagaṇādhāro khandhasantāno buddho .

Yathāha ‘‘ buddhoti yo so bhagavā sayambhū anācariyako pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhi , tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ patto balesu ca vasībhāvan ’’ ti ( mahāni .192; cūḷani . pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi . ma .1.161).

Tena evaṃ nirupamappabhāvena buddhena nisevitaṃ gocarāsevanābhāvanāsevanāhi yathārahaṃ nisevitaṃ anubhūtanti attho .

Tattha nibbānaṃ gocarāsevanāvaseneva nisevitaṃ , maggo pana attanā bhāvito ca bhāvanāsevanāvasena sevito , parehi uppāditāni pana maggaphalāni cetopariyañāṇādinā yadā parijānāti , attanā uppāditāni vā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena paricchindati , tadā gocarāsevanāvasenapiV1.11 sevitāni hontiyeva .

Ettha ca pariyattidhammassapi pariyāyato dhammaggahaṇena gahaṇe sati sopi desanāsammasanañāṇagocaratāya gocarāsevanāya sevitoti sakkā gahetuṃ .

‘‘ Abhidhammanayasamuddaṃ adhigacchati , tīṇi piṭakāni sammasī ’’ ti ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttattā pariyattidhammassapi sacchikiriyāya sammasanapariyāyo labbhatīti yaṃ asambudhaṃ asambujjhanto asacchikarontoti atthasambhavato sopi idha vutto evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

TampiM1.11 ca appaṭivijjhanto bhavābhavaṃ gacchati , pariññātadhammavinayo pana tadatthapaṭipattiyā sammāpaṭipanno na cirasseva dukkhassantaṃ karissati .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Yo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye , appamatto vihassati ;

Pahāya jātisaṃsāraṃ , dukkhassantaṃ karissatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni .2.185; saṃ . ni .1.185);

Ettha ca kiñcāpi maggaphalanibbānāni paccekabuddhabuddhasāvakehipi gocarāsevanādinā sevitāni honti , tathāpi ukkaṭṭhaparicchedavasena ‘‘ buddhanisevitan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Kenaci pana buddhasaddassa sāmaññato buddhānubuddhapaccekabuddhānampi ettheva saṅgaho vutto .

Bhavābhavan ti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso , bhavato bhavanti attho .

Atha vā bhavābhavan ti sugatiduggativasena hīnapaṇītavasena ca khuddakaṃ mahantañca bhavanti attho .

Vuddhatthopi hi a-kāro dissati ‘‘ asekkhā dhammā ’’ tiādīsu viya .

Tasmā abhavoti mahābhavo vuccati .

Atha vā bhavoti vuddhi , abhavoti hāni .

Bhavoti vā sassatadiṭṭhi , abhavoti ucchedadiṭṭhi .

Vuttappakāro bhavo ca abhavo ca bhavābhavo .

Taṃ bhavābhavaṃ .

Gacchatīti aparakālakiriyāniddeso .

Jīvalokoti sattaloko .

Jīvaggahaṇena hi saṅkhārabhājanalokaṃ nivatteti tassa bhavābhavagamanāsambhavato .

Namo atthūti pāṭhaseso daṭṭhabbo .

Avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsinoti dhammavisesanaṃ .

Tattha avindiyaṃ vindatīti avijjā .

Pūretuṃ ayuttaṭṭhena kāyaduccaritādi avindiyaṃ nāma , aladdhabbanti attho .

Tabbiparītato kāyasucaritādi vindiyaṃ nāma , taṃ vindiyaṃ na vindatīti vā avijjā , khandhānaṃ rāsaṭṭhaṃ , āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ , dhātūnaṃ suññataṭṭhaṃ , indriyānaṃ adhipatiyaṭṭhaṃ , saccānaṃ tathaṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti vā avijjā , dukkhādīnaṃ pīḷanādivasena vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ atthaṃ aviditaṃ karotītipi avijjā , antavirahite saṃsāre sabbayonigatibhavaviññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu satte javāpetītiV1.12 vā avijjā , paramatthato avijjamānesupi itthipurisādīsu javati , vijjamānesupi khandhādīsu na javatīti vā avijjā .

Sā ādi yesaṃ taṇhādīnaṃ te avijjādayo , teyevaM1.12 kilissanti etehi sattāti kilesā , teyeva ca sattānaṃ bandhanaṭṭhena jālasadisāti jālaṃ , taṃ viddhaṃseti sabbaso vināseti sīlenāti avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsī .

Nanu cettha sapariyattiko navalokuttaradhammo adhippeto , tattha ca maggoyeva kilese viddhaṃseti , netareti ce ?

Vuccate .

Maggassapi nibbānamāgamma kilesaviddhaṃsanato nibbānampi kilese viddhaṃseti nāma , maggassa kilesaviddhaṃsanakiccaṃ phalena nipphannanti phalampi ‘‘ kilesaviddhaṃsī ’’ ti vuccati .

Pariyattidhammopi kilesaviddhaṃsanassa paccayattā ‘‘ kilesaviddhaṃsī ’’ ti vattumarahatīti na koci doso .

Dhammavarassa tassāti pubbe aniyamitassa niyamavacanaṃ .

Tattha yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamāne catūsu apāyesu apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo .

‘‘ Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse , na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ ;

Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ , devakāyaṃ paripūressantī ’’ ti .( dī . ni .2.332; saṃ . ni .1.37)–

Hi vuttaṃ .

Saṃsāradukkhe vā apatamāne katvā dhāretīti dhammo maggaphaluppattiyā sattakkhattuparamatādivasena saṃsārassa paricchinnattā .

Apāyādinibbattakakilesaviddhaṃsanañcettha dhāraṇaṃ .

Evañca katvā ariyamaggo tassa tadatthasiddhihetutāya nibbānañcāti ubhayameva nippariyāyato dhāreti , ariyaphalaṃ pana taṃsamucchinnakilesapaṭippassambhanena tadanuguṇatāya , pariyattidhammo tadadhigamahetutāyāti ubhayaṃ pariyāyato dhāretīti veditabbaṃ .

Vuttappakāro dhammoyeva attano uttaritarābhāvena varo pavaro anuttaroti dhammavaro , tassa dhammavarassa namo atthūti sambandho .

Ettāvatā cettha amhehi sārattho pakāsito .

Yaṃ panettha kenaci papañcitaṃ , amhehi ca idha na dassitaṃ , na taṃ sārato paccetabbaṃ .

Ito paresupi evameva daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tasmā ito paṭṭhāya ettakampi avatvā sāratthameva dassayissāma .

Yattha pana kenaci accantaviruddhaṃ likhitaṃ , tampi katthaci dassayissāma .

Ettha ca ‘‘ avijjādikilesajālaviddhaṃsino ’’ ti etena svākkhātatādīhi dhammaṃ thometi ,‘‘ dhammavarassā ’’ ti etena aññassa visiṭṭhassa abhāvadīpanato paripuṇṇatāya .

Paṭhamena vā pahānasampadaṃ dhammassa dasseti , dutiyena pabhāvasampadaṃ .

EvaṃM1.13V1.13 saṅkhepeneva sabbadhammaguṇehi saddhammaṃ thometvā idāni ariyasaṅghaṃ thometuṃ ‘‘ guṇehī ’’ tiādimāha .

‘‘ Guṇehī ’’ ti padassa ‘‘ yutto ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

Idāni yehi guṇehi yutto , te dassento ‘‘ sīlasamādhī ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha catupārisuddhisīlādi ‘‘ sīlan ’’ ti vuccati .

Samādhīti paṭhamajjhānādi .

Samādhisīsena hi paṭhamajjhānādayo vuttā .

Paññāti maggapaññā .

Vimutti ca vimuttiñāṇañca vimuttivimuttiñāṇanti vattabbe ekadesasarūpekasesanayena ‘‘ vimuttiñāṇan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Ādisaddapariyāyena pabhutisaddena vā vimuttiggahaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Tattha vimuttīti phalaṃ .

Vimuttiñāṇan ti paccavekkhaṇañāṇaṃ .

Pabhuti -saddena chaḷabhiññācatupaṭisambhidādayo guṇā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Ettha ca sīlādayo guṇā lokiyā lokuttarā ca yathāsambhavaṃ niddiṭṭhāti veditabbā .

Yaṃ panettha kenaci vuttaṃ ‘‘ sīlādayo kiñcāpi lokiyalokuttarā yathāsambhavaṃ labbhanti , tathāpi ante ‘ ariyasaṅghan ’ ti vacanato sīlādayo cattāro dhammakkhandhā lokuttarāvā ’’ ti , taṃ tassa matimattaṃ .

Na hi ariyasaṅghassa lokiyaguṇehipi thomanāya koci doso dissati , sabbaññubuddhassapi tāva lokiyalokuttaraguṇehi thomanā hoti , kimaṅgaṃ pana ariyasaṅghassāti .

Kusalatthikānaṃ janānaṃ puññassa vuddhiyā khettasadisattā khettanti āha ‘‘ khettaṃ janānaṃ kusalatthikānan ’’ ti .

Khittaṃ bījaṃ mahapphalabhāvakaraṇena tāyatīti hi khettaṃ , pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇaviruhanabhūmi , taṃsadisattā ariyasaṅghopi ‘‘ khettan ’’ ti vuccati .

Iminā ariyasaṅghassa anuttarapuññakkhettabhāvaṃ dīpeti .

‘‘ Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā ’’ ti hi vuttaṃ .

Tan ti pubbe ‘‘ yo ’’ ti aniyamena vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ .

Ariyasaṅghan ti ettha ārakattā kilesehi , anaye na iriyanato , aye ca iriyanato ariyā niruttinayena .

Atha vā sadevakena lokena saraṇanti araṇīyato upagantabbato upagatānañca tadatthasiddhito ariyā .

Ariyānaṃ saṅgho samūhoti ariyasaṅgho .

Atha vā ariyo ca so yathāvuttanayena saṅgho ca diṭṭhisīlasāmaññena saṃhatabhāvatoti ariyasaṅgho , aṭṭha ariyapuggalā .

Taṃ ariyasaṅghaṃ .

Bhagavato aparabhāge buddhadhammaratanānampi samadhigamo saṅgharatanādhīnoti ariyasaṅghassa bahūpakārataṃ dassetuṃ idheva ‘‘ sirasā namāmī ’’ ti vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

EvaṃM1.14 gāthāttayena saṅkhepato sakalaguṇasaṃkittanamukhena ratanattayassa paṇāmaṃ katvā idāni taṃ nipaccakāraṃ yathādhippete payojane pariṇāmento āha ‘‘ icceva ’’ miccādi .

Iccevaṃ yathāvuttanayena accantaṃ ekantena namassaneyyaṃ namassitabbaṃ ratanattayaṃ namassamāno kāyavācācittehi vandamāno ahaṃ vipulaṃ yaṃ puññābhisandaṃ alatthanti sambandho .

Tattha buddhādayoV1.14 ratijananaṭṭhena ratanaṃ .

Tesañhi ‘‘ itipi so bhagavā ’’ tiādinā yathābhūtaguṇe āvajjentassa amatādhigamahetubhūtaṃ anappakaṃ pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjati .

Yathāha –

‘‘ Yasmiṃ , mahānāma , samaye ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati , nevassa tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti , na dosapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti , na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti , ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti , ujugatacitto kho pana , mahānāma , ariyasāvako labhati atthavedaṃ , labhati dhammavedaṃ , labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ , pamuditassa pīti jāyatī ’’ tiādi ( a . ni .11.11).

Cittīkatādibhāvo vā ratanaṭṭho .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca , atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ ;

Anomasattaparibhogaṃ , ratanaṃ tena vuccatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni . aṭṭha .2.33);

Cittīkatabhāvādayo ca anaññasādhāraṇā buddhādīsuyeva labbhantīti .

‘‘ Puññābhisandanti puññarāsiṃ puññappavattaṃ vā ’’ ti mahāgaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ .

Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca ‘‘ puññābhisandanti puññābhinisaṃsan ’’ tipi attho vutto .

Puññābhisandan ti puññanadiṃ , puññappavāhanti evaṃ panettha attho veditabbo .

Avicchedena pavattiyamānañhi puññaṃ abhisandanaṭṭhena ‘‘ puññābhisando ’’ ti vuccati .

Teneva sāratthapakāsiniyā saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ( saṃ . ni . aṭṭha .3.5.1027)–

‘‘ Cattārome , bhikkhave , puññābhisandā kusalābhisandā sukhassāhārā .

Katame cattāro ?

Idha , bhikkhave , ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘ itipiM1.15 so bhagavā … pe … buddho bhagavā ’ ti , ayaṃ paṭhamo puññābhisando kusalābhisando sukhassāhāro ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1027)–

Evamādikāya pāḷiyā atthaṃ dassento ‘‘ puññābhisandā kusalābhisandāti puññanadiyo kusalanadiyo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Yaṃ pana gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ ‘‘ puññābhisandanti puññaphalan ’’ ti , taṃ na sundaraṃV1.15 .

Na hi ratanattayaṃ namassamāno tasmiṃ khaṇe puññaphalaṃ alattha , kintu anappakaṃ puññarāsiṃ tadā alabhi , tassa ca phalaṃ paralokabhāgī , diṭṭhadhamme tu antarāyavighāto tassa ca puññassa ānisaṃsamattakaṃ ,‘‘ tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo ’’ ti ca vuttaṃ , na ca puññaphale anuppanne tassānubhāvena hatantarāyabhāvo na sijjhati , na cetaṃ tasmiṃyeva khaṇe diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ ahosi .

Tasmā tassa mahato puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena hatantarāyoti ayameva attho yujjati .

Athāpi paṇāmakiriyāya janitattā puññameva puññaphalanti tassādhippāyo siyā , evaṃ sati yujjeyya .

So ca puññappavāho na appamattako , atha kho mahantoyevāti dassento āha ‘‘ vipulan ’’ ti , mahantaṃ anappakanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Alatthan ti alabhiṃ , pāpuṇinti attho .

Tassānubhāvenāti tassa yathāvuttassa puññappavāhassa ānubhāvena balena .

Hatantarāyoti taṃtaṃsampattiyā vibandhanavasena sattasantānassa antare vemajjhe eti āgacchatīti antarāyo , diṭṭhadhammikādianattho .

Paṇāmapayojane vuttavidhinā hato viddhasto antarāyo upaddavo assāti hatantarāyo .

Assa ‘‘ vaṇṇayissaṃ vinayan ’’ ti iminā sambandho , hatantarāyo hutvā vinayaṃ vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Etena tassa puññappavāhassa attano pasādasampattiyā ratanattayassa ca khettabhāvasampattiyā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upaghātakaupaddavānaṃ hanane samatthataṃ dīpeti .

Evaṃ ratanattayassa nipaccakārakaraṇe payojanaṃ dassetvā idāni yassa vinayapiṭakassa atthaṃ saṃvaṇṇetukāmo , tassa tāva bhagavato sāsanassa mūlapatiṭṭhānabhāvaṃ dassetvā tampi thomento āha ‘‘ yasmiṃ ṭhite ’’ tiādi .

Aṭṭhitassa susaṇṭhitassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ yasmiṃM1.16 ṭhite patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti yojetabbaṃ .

Tattha yasmin ti yasmiṃ vinayapiṭake .

Ṭhiteti pāḷito ca atthato ca anūnaṃ hutvā lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena ṭhiteti attho .

Sāsanan ti adhisīlaadhicittaadhipaññāsaṅkhātasikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ sāsanaṃ .

Aṭṭhitassāti kāmasukhallikattakilamathānuyogasaṅkhāte antadvaye aṭṭhitassāti attho .

‘‘ Appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhaṃ , āvuso , anāyūhaṃ oghamatarin ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .1.1) hi vuttaṃ .

Ayañcattho tīsupi sīhaḷagaṇṭhipadesu vuttoyeva .

Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ aṭṭhitassāti parinibbutassapi bhagavato ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Patiṭṭhitaṃ hotīti tesuyeva lajjīpuggalesu pavattanaṭṭhena patiṭṭhitaṃ hoti .

Susaṇṭhitassāti ettha tāva tīsupi gaṇṭhipadesu idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇaasītianubyañjanehi samannāgamanavasenaV1.16 susaṇṭhānassāti attho .

Anena assa rūpakāyasampattiṃ nidassetī ’’ ti .

Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ yathāṭhāne patiṭṭhitehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatattā rūpakāyena susaṇṭhito , kāyavaṅkādirahitattā tādilakkhaṇasamannāgatattā ca nāmakāyenapī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Kenaci pana ‘‘ catubrahmavihāravasena sattesu suṭṭhu sammā ca ṭhitassāti atthavasena vā susaṇṭhitassa .

Susaṇṭhitattā hesa kevalaṃ sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo hitaṃ upasaṃharitukāmo sampattiyā ca pamudito apakkhapatito ca hutvā vinayaṃ deseti .

Tasmā imasmiṃ vinayasaṃvaṇṇanādhikāre sāruppāya thutiyā thomento āha ‘ susaṇṭhitassā ’’’ ti vatvā ‘‘ gaṇṭhipadesu vuttattho adhippetādhikārānurūpo na hotī ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Ayaṃ panettha amhākaṃ khanti – yathāvuttakāmasukhallikādiantadvaye aṭṭhitattāyeva majjhimāya paṭipadāya sammā ṭhitattā susaṇṭhitassāti evamattho gahetabboti .

Evañhi sati ārambhānurūpathomanā katā hoti yathāvuttaantadvayaṃ vivajjetvā majjhimāya paṭipadāya vinayapaññattiyāyeva yebhuyyena pakāsanato .

Tan ti pubbe ‘‘ yasmin ’’ ti aniyametvā vuttassa niyamavacanaṃ , tassa ‘‘ vinayan ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

Asammissan ti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso , nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ katvā anākulaṃ katvā vaṇṇayissanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Sikkhāpadapaññattiyā anurūpassa kālamattassapi dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherasadisenapi duviññeyyabhāvato kevalaṃ buddhavisayaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ attanoM1.17 balena vaṇṇayissāmīti vacanamattampi aññehi vattumasakkuṇeyyattā ‘‘ nissāya pubbācariyānubhāvan ’’ ti āha .

Pubbācariyānubhāvo nāma atthato pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitā aṭṭhakathā , tatoyeva ca ‘‘ pubbācariyānubhāvo aṭṭhakathā ’’ ti sabbattha gaṇṭhipadesu vuttaṃ .

Tasmā pubbācariyehi saṃvaṇṇitaṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ nissāya vaṇṇayissaṃ , na attanoyeva balaṃ nissāyāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha ‘‘ porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu vijjamānāsu puna vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāya kiṃ payojanan ’’ ti yo vadeyya , tassa porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ attano ca saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘ kāmañcā ’’ tiādimāha .

Kāman ti ekantena , yathicchakaṃ vā , sabbasoti vuttaṃ hoti , tassa ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇito ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

Kāmaṃ saṃvaṇṇitoyeva , no na saṃvaṇṇitoti attho .

Kehi pana so vinayo saṃvaṇṇitoti āha ‘‘ pubbācariyāsabhehī ’’ ti .

Mahākassapattherādayo pubbācariyā eva akampiyaṭṭhena uttamaṭṭhena ca āsabhā , tehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Kīdisā panete pubbācariyāti āha ‘‘ ñāṇambū ’’ tiādi .

Aggamaggañāṇasaṅkhātena ambunāV1.17 salilena niddhotāni nissesato āyatiṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena dhotāni vikkhālitāni visodhitāni rāgādīni tīṇi malāni kāmāsavādayo ca cattāro āsavā yehi te ñāṇambuniddhātamalāsavā , tehīti attho .

Iminā ca na kevalaṃ etesu ācariyabhāvoyeva , atha kho rāgādimalarahitā khīṇāsavā visuddhasattā eteti dasseti .

Khīṇāsavabhāvepi na ete sukkhavipassakā , atha kho evarūpehipi ānubhāvehi samannāgatāti dassento āha ‘‘ visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidehī ’’ ti .

Visuddhā accantaparisuddhā vijjā catasso ca paṭisambhidā yesaṃ te visuddhavijjāpaṭisambhidā , tehi .

Ekadesena paṭisambhidaṃ appattānaṃ ariyānameva abhāvato etehi adhigatapaṭisambhidā paṭutaraladdhappabhedāti dassetuṃ visuddha ggahaṇaṃ kataṃ .

Vijjāti tisso vijjā , aṭṭha vijjā vā .

Tattha dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ āsavakkhayañāṇañcāti imā tisso vijjā .

Aṭṭha vijjā pana –

‘‘ VipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhiM1.18 ,

Iddhippabhedopi ca dibbasotaṃ ;

Parassa cetopariyāyañāṇaṃ ,

Pubbenivāsānugatañca ñāṇaṃ ;

Dibbañca cakkhāsavasaṅkhayo ca ,

Etāni ñāṇāni idhaṭṭha vijjā ’’ ti .

–

Evaṃ vipassanāñāṇamanomayiddhīhi saddhiṃ pariggahitā cha abhiññāyeva .

Atthapaṭisambhidā dhammapaṭisambhidā niruttipaṭisambhidā paṭibhānapaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā .

Tattha saṅkhepato hetuphale ñāṇaṃ atthapaṭisambhidā , hetumhi ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā , hetuhetuphalānurūpaṃ vohāresu ñāṇaṃ niruttipaṭisambhidā , idaṃ ñāṇaṃ imamatthaṃ jotayatīti iminā ākārena heṭṭhā vuttesu tīsu ñāṇesu pavattañāṇaṃ paṭibhānapaṭisambhidā .

Etāsaṃ pana vitthārakathā atipapañcabhāvato idha na vuccati .

Paṭisambhidāppattānaṃ saddhammesu chekabhāvato āha ‘‘ saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehī ’’ ti .

‘‘ Paṭisambhidāppattānampi dhammesu abhiyogavasena viseso hotīti laddhapaṭisambhidāsu sātisayataṃ dassetuṃ āhā ’’ tipi vadanti .

Saddhammasaṃvaṇṇanakovidehīti piṭakattayasaṅkhātassa saddhammassa saṃvaṇṇane sabbaso atthappakāsane kovidehi chekehi , kusalehīti attho .

KilesajālaṃV1.18 parikkhārabāhullaṃ vā saṃlikhati tanuṃ karotīti sallekho .

Idha pana khīṇāsavādhikārattā parikkhārabāhullassa sallikhanavaseneva attho gahetabbo , tatoyeva ca gaṇṭhipade ‘‘ sallekhiye parimitaparikkhāravuttiyā ’’ ti attho vutto .

Sallekhassa bhāvo sallekhiyaṃ , tasmiṃ sallekhiye , sallekhapaṭipattiyanti vuttaṃ hoti .

Nosulabhūpamehīti asulabhūpamehi sallekhapaṭipattiyā asukasadisāti tesaṃ upamāya anucchavikapuggalānaṃ dullabhattā natthi sulabhā upamā etesanti nosulabhūpamā .

Mahāvihārassāti cittalapabbataabhayagirisesanikāyadvayaṃ paṭikkhipati .

Dhajūpamehīti rathassa sañjānanahetukaṃ rathe baddhadhajaṃ viya ajānantānaṃ ‘‘ asukehi ca asukehi ca therehi nivāsitoM1.19 mahāvihāro nāmā ’’ ti evaṃ mahāvihārassa sañjānanahetuttā mahāvihārassa dhajūpamehi .

Saṃvaṇṇitoti sammā anūnaṃ katvā vaṇṇito .

Saṃvaṇṇito ayaṃ vinayoti padacchedo kātabbo .

Cittehi nayehīti anekappabhedanayattā vicittehi nayehi .

Sambuddhavaranvayehīti sabbaññubuddhavaraṃ anugatehi , bhagavato adhippāyānugatehi nayehīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Atha vā buddhavaraṃ anugatehi pubbācariyāsabhehīti sambandho kātabbo .

Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāya anūnabhāvaṃ dassetvā idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya payojanavisesaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇanā ’’ tiādimāha .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – kiñcāpi pubbācariyāsabhehi yathāvuttaguṇavisiṭṭhehi ayaṃ vinayo sabbaso vaṇṇito , tathāpi tesaṃ esā saṃvaṇṇanā sīhaḷadīpavāsīnaṃ bhāsāya saṅkhatattā racitattā dīpantare bhikkhujanassa sīhaḷadīpato aññadīpavāsino bhikkhugaṇassa kiñci atthaṃ payojanaṃ yasmā nābhisambhuṇāti na sampādeti na sādheti , tasmā imaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ pāḷinayānurūpaṃ katvā buddhasirittherena ajjhiṭṭho idāni samārabhissanti .

Tattha saṃvaṇṇiyati attho etāyāti saṃvaṇṇanā , aṭṭhakathā .

Sā pana dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ tīṇi piṭakāni saṅgāyitvā tassa atthavaṇṇanānurūpeneva vācanāmaggaṃ āropitattā tisso saṅgītiyo āruḷhoyeva buddhavacanassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanābhūto kathāmaggo .

Soyeva ca mahāmahindattherena tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ ābhato , pacchā tambapaṇṇiyehi mahātherehi nikāyantaraladdhīhi saṅkarapariharaṇatthaṃ sīhaḷabhāsāya ṭhapito .

Tenāha ‘‘ sīhaḷadīpakenā ’’ tiādi .

Sīhassa lānato gahaṇato sīhaḷo , sīhakumāro .

Taṃvaṃsajātatāya tambapaṇṇidīpe khattiyānaṃ tesaṃ nivāsatāya tambapaṇṇidīpassapi sīhaḷabhāvo veditabbo , tasmiṃ sīhaḷadīpe bhūtattā sīhaḷadīpakena vākyena vacanena , sīhaḷabhāsāyāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Pāḷinayānurūpan ti pāḷinayassa anurūpaṃ katvā , māgadhabhāsāya parivattitvāti vuttaṃ hotiV1.19 .

Ajjhesanan ti garuṭṭhāniyaṃ payirupāsitvā garutaraṃ payojanaṃ uddissa abhipatthanā ajjhesanā , taṃ ajjhesanaṃ , āyācananti attho .

Tassa ‘‘ samanussaranto ’’ ti iminā sambandho .

Kassa ajjhesanantiM1.20 āha ‘‘ buddhasirivhayassa therassā ’’ ti .

Buddhasirīti avhayo nāmaṃ yassa soyaṃ buddhasirivhayo , tassa , itthannāmassa therassa ajjhesanaṃ sammā ādarena samanussaranto hadaye ṭhapentoti attho .

Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya karaṇappakāraṃ dassento ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañcā ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha tañca idāni vuccamānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhanto sakalāyapi mahāaṭṭhakathāya idha gahetabbato mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ tassā idāni vuccamānāya saṃvaṇṇanāya sarīraṃ katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ yo vinicchayo vutto , tatheva kurundīnāmādīsu vissutāsu aṭṭhakathāsu yo vinicchayo vutto , tatopi vinicchayato yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto antogadhattheravādaṃ katvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samārabhissanti padatthasambandho veditabbo .

Ettha ca attho kathiyati etāyāti atthakathā , sāyeva aṭṭhakathā tthakārassa ṭṭhakāraṃ katvā ‘‘ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi . ma .1.17;2.8) viya .

Mahāpaccariyan ti ettha paccarīti uḷumpaṃ vuccati , tasmiṃ nisīditvā katattā tameva nāmaṃ jātaṃ .

Kurundivallivihāro nāma atthi , tattha katattā kurundīti nāmaṃ jātanti vadanti .

Ādisaddena andhakaṭṭhakathaṃ saṅkhepaṭṭhakathañca saṅgaṇhāti .

Vissutāsūti sabbattha patthaṭāsu , pākaṭāsūti vuttaṃ hoti .

Yuttamatthan ti ettha tāva majjhimagaṇṭhipade cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ yuttamatthanti saṃvaṇṇetabbaṭṭhānassa yuttamatthaṃ , na pana tattha ayuttampi atthīti vuttaṃ hotī ’’ ti .

Mahāgaṇṭhipade panettha na kiñci vuttaṃ .

Kenaci pana ‘‘ mahāaṭṭhakathānayena vinayayuttiyā vā yuttamatthan ’’ ti vuttaṃ , taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati mahāpaccariādīsupi katthaci ayuttassāpi atthassa upari vibhāvanato .

‘‘ Aṭṭhakathaṃyeva gahetvā saṃvaṇṇanaṃ karissāmī ’’ ti vutte aṭṭhakathāsu vuttattheravādānaṃ bāhirabhāvo siyāti tepi antokattukāmo ‘‘ antogadhatheravādan ’’ ti āha , theravādepi antokatvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Saṃvaṇṇanan ti aparakālakiriyāya kammaniddeso .

Pubbe vuttaṃ tu ‘‘ saṃvaṇṇanan ’’ ti vacanaṃ tattheva ‘‘ samārabhanto ’’ ti pubbakālakiriyāya kammabhāvena yojetabbaṃ .

Sammāti vattabbe gāthābandhavasena rassabhāvo katoti veditabbo .

EvaṃM1.21 karaṇappakāraṃ dassetvā idāni sotūhi paṭipajjitabbavidhiṃ dassento ‘‘ taṃ me ’’ tiādimāha .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idāni vuccamānaṃ taṃ mama saṃvaṇṇanaṃ dhammapadīpassa tathāgatassaV1.20 dhammaṃ sāsanadhammaṃ pāḷidhammaṃ vā sakkaccaṃ paṭimānayantā pūjentā thirehi sīlakkhandhādīhi samannāgatattā therā , acirapabbajitattā navā , tesaṃ majjhe bhavattā majjhimā ca bhikkhū pasannacittā yathāvuttanayena sappayojanattā upari vakkhamānavidhinā pamāṇattā ca saddahitvā pītisomanassayuttacittā issāpakatā ahutvā nisāmentu suṇantūti .

Tattha dhammappadīpassāti dhammoyeva sattasantānesu mohandhakāravidhamanato padīpasadisattā padīpo assāti dhammapadīpo , bhagavā .

Tassa dhammapadīpassa .

Idāni attano saṃvaṇṇanāya āgamavisuddhiṃ dassetvā pamāṇabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘ buddhenā ’’ tiādimāha .

Yatheva buddhena yo dhammo ca vinayo ca vutto , so tassa buddhassa yehi puttehi dhammasenāpatiādīhi tatheva ñāto , tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ matimaccajantā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathācariyā yasmā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti ayamettha sambandho .

Tattha dhammoti suttābhidhamme saṅgaṇhāti , vinayoti sakalaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ .

Ettāvatā ca sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ hoti .

Sakalañhi buddhavacanaṃ dhammavinayavasena duvidhaṃ hoti .

Vuttoti pāḷito ca atthato ca buddhena bhagavatā vutto .

Na hi bhagavatā abyākataṃ nāma tantipadaṃ atthi , sabbesaṃyeva attho kathito , tasmā sammāsambuddheneva tiṇṇaṃ piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamopi bhāsitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tattha tattha bhagavatā pavattitā pakiṇṇakadesanāyeva hi aṭṭhakathā .

Tatheva ñātoti yatheva buddhena vutto , tatheva ekapadampi ekakkharampi avināsetvā adhippāyañca avikopetvā ñāto viditoti attho .

Tesaṃ matimaccajantāti tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ apariccajantā .

Aṭṭhakathā akaṃsūti aṭṭhakathāyo akaṃsu .

Katthaci ‘‘ aṭṭhakathāmakaṃsū ’’ ti pāṭho dissati , tatthāpi soyevattho , ma-kāro pana padasandhivasena āgatoti daṭṭhabbo .

‘‘ Aṭṭhakathā ’’ ti bahuvacananiddesena mahāpaccariyādikaṃ saṅgaṇhāti .

Tasmāti yasmā tesaṃ buddhaputtānaṃ adhippāyaṃ avikopetvā pure aṭṭhakathā akaṃsu , tasmāti attho .

Hīti nipātamattaṃ hetuatthassaM1.22 ‘‘ tasmā ’’ ti imināyeva pakāsitattā .

Yadi aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇaṃ , evaṃ sati tattha pamādalekhāpi pamāṇaṃ siyāti āha ‘‘ vajjayitvāna pamādalekhan ’’ ti .

Tattha pamādalekhan ti aparabhāge potthakāruḷhakāle pamajjitvā likhanavasena pavattaṃ pamādapāṭhaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – pamādena satiṃ apaccupaṭṭhapetvā adinnādānassa pubbapayoge ‘‘ saccepi alikepi dukkaṭan ’’ ti vuttavacanasadisaṃ yaṃ likhitaṃ , taṃ vajjayitvā apanetvā sabbaṃ pamāṇanti .

Vakkhati hi tattha –

‘‘ MahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃV1.21 pana saccepi alikepi dukkaṭameva vuttaṃ , taṃ pamādalikhitanti veditabbaṃ .

Na hi adinnādānassa pubbapayoge pācittiyaṭṭhāne dukkaṭaṃ nāma atthī ’’ ti ( pārā . aṭṭha .1.94).

Kesaṃ pamāṇanti āha ‘‘ sikkhāsu sagāravānaṃ idha paṇḍitānan ’’ ti .

Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane .

Puna ‘‘ yasmā ’’ ti vacanassa ko sambandhoti ce ?

Ettha tāva mahāgaṇṭhipade gaṇṭhipade ca na kiñci vuttaṃ , majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana cūḷagaṇṭhipade ca idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ yasmā pamāṇaṃ , tasmā nisāmentu pasannacittā ’’ ti .

Evamassa sambandho daṭṭhabbo .

Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ , tasmā idha vuttampi pamāṇamevāti pāṭhasesaṃ katvā vajirabuddhitthero vadati .

Tattha idhāti imissā samantapāsādikāyāti attho gahetabbo .

Tattha ‘‘ yasmā ’’ ti vacanassa paṭhamaṃ vuttasambandhavasena aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi pamāṇanti sādhitattā idāni vuccamānāpi saṃvaṇṇanā kevalaṃ vacanamatteneva bhinnā , atthato pana aṭṭhakathāyevāti dassetuṃ ‘‘ tato ca bhāsantaramevā ’’ tiādimāha .

Pacchā vuttasambandhavasena pana idha vuttampi kasmā pamāṇanti ce ?

Yasmā vacanamattaṃ ṭhapetvā esāpi aṭṭhakathāyeva , tasmā pamāṇanti dassetuṃ ‘‘ tato ca bhāsantaramevā ’’ tiādimāha .

Evamākulaṃ dubbiññeyyasabhāvañca katvā gaṇṭhipadesu sambandho dassito , anākulavacano ca bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo .

Na hi so evamākulaṃ katvā vattumarahati , tasmā yathādhippetamatthamanākulaṃ suviññeyyañca katvā yathāṭhitassa sambandhavaseneva dassayissāma .

Kathaṃ ?

Yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ , tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti evamettha sambandho daṭṭhabbo .

Yadi nāma aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ , ayaṃ panaM1.23 idāni vuccamānā kasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti āha ‘‘ tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā ’’ tiādi .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ , yasmā ca ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanāpi bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhā , atthato pana abhinnāva , tatoyeva ca pamāṇabhūtā hessati , tasmā sakkaccaṃ ādaraṃ katvā anusikkhitabbāti .

Tathā hi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ pamāṇabhāvo , imissā ca saṃvaṇṇanāya bhāsantarapariccāgādimattavisiṭṭhāya atthato tato abhinnabhāvoti ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Na hi kevalaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ satipi pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā tato bhinnā atthato aññāyeva ca sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti vattumarahati , nāpi imissā saṃvaṇṇanāya tatoabhinnabhāvepi porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ asati pamāṇabhāve ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbātiV1.22 vattuṃ yuttarūpā hoti , tasmā yathāvuttanayena ubhayampetaṃ sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbabhāvahetūti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Tatoti aṭṭhakathāto .

Bhāsantarameva hitvāti kañcukasadisaṃ sīhaḷabhāsaṃ apanetvā .

Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvāti porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu upari vuccamānampi ānetvā tattha tattha papañcitaṃ ‘‘ ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannoti bhikkhū ’’ ti ( pārā .45) ettha apalokanādīnaṃ catunnampi kammānaṃ vitthārakathā viya tādisaṃ vitthāramaggaṃ saṅkhipitvā vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo .

Tathā hi vakkhati –

‘‘ Ettha ca ñatticatutthakammaṃ ekameva āgataṃ , imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne ṭhatvā cattāri saṅghakammāni nīharitvā vitthārato kathetabbānīti sabbaaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ , tāni ca ‘ apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakamman ’ ti paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetvā vitthārena khandhakato parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgato ca pāḷiṃ āharitvā kathitāni .

Tāni mayaṃ parivārāvasāne kammavibhaṅgeyeva vaṇṇayissāma .

Evañhi sati paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā ca na bhāriyā bhavissati , yathāṭhitāya ca pāḷiyā vaṇṇanā suviññeyyā bhavissati , tāni ca ṭhānāni asuññāni bhavissanti , tasmā anupadavaṇṇanameva karomā ’’ ti ( pārā . aṭṭha .1.45 bhikkhupadabhājanīyavaṇṇanā ).

VinicchayaṃM1.24 sabbamasesayitvāti taṃtaṃaṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ sabbampi vinicchayaṃ asesayitvā sesaṃ akatvā , kiñcimattampi apariccajitvāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Vaṇṇituṃ yuttarūpaṃ hutvā anukkamena āgataṃ pāḷiṃ apariccajitvā saṃvaṇṇanato sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ayuttaṭṭhāne vaṇṇitaṃ yathāṭhāneyeva saṃvaṇṇanato ca vuttaṃ ‘‘ tantikkamaṃ kiñci avokkamitvā ’’ ti , kiñci pāḷikkamaṃ anatikkamitvā anukkameneva vaṇṇayissāmāti adhippāyo .

Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthan ti suttantapāḷiyaṃ āgatānampi vacanānamatthaṃ .

Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘ suttantikānaṃ bhāro ’’ ti vatvā avuttānampi verañjakaṇḍādīsu jhānakathāānāpānassatisamaādhiādīnaṃ suttantavacanānamatthaṃ taṃtaṃsuttānurūpaṃ sabbaso paridīpayissāmīti adhippāyo .

Hessatīti bhavissati , kariyissatīti vā attho .

Ettha ca paṭhamasmiṃ atthavikappe bhāsantarapariccāgādikaṃ catubbidhaṃ kiccaṃ nipphādetvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā bhavissatīti vaṇṇanāya vasena samānakattukatā veditabbā .

Pacchimasmiṃ atthavikappeV1.23 pana heṭṭhāvuttabhāsantarapariccāgādiṃ katvā suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ paridīpayantī ayaṃ vaṇṇanā amhehi kariyissatīti evaṃ ācariyavasena samānakattukatā veditabbā .

Vaṇṇanāpīti ettha api saddaṃ gahetvā ‘‘ tasmāpi sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti yojetabban ’’ ti cūḷagaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ .

Tattha pubbe vuttappayojanavisesaṃ pamāṇabhāvañca sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo .

Majjhimagaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘ tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāpī ’’ ti sambandho vutto .

Ettha pana na kevalaṃ ayaṃ vaṇṇanā hessati , atha kho anusikkhitabbāpīti imamatthaṃ sampiṇḍetīti adhippāyo .

Etthāpi yathāṭhitavaseneva apisaddassa attho gahetabboti amhākaṃ khanti .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā aṭṭhakathāsu vuttaṃ pamāṇaṃ , yasmā ca ayaṃ vaṇṇanāpi tato abhinnattā pamāṇabhūtāyeva hessati , tasmā sakkaccaṃ anusikkhitabbāti .

Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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