10. Satipaṭṭhānasuttavaṇṇanā
105. Evaṃ
V1.235P1.225 me sutan ti satipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ .
Tattha kurūsu viharatīti kurunāmakā jānapadino rājakumārā , tesaṃ nivāso ekopi janapado ruḷhīsaddena kurūti vuccati , tasmiṃ kurūsu janapade .
Aṭṭhakathācariyā panāhu – mandhātukāle tīsu dīpesu manussā jambudīpo nāma buddhapaccekabuddhamahāsāvakacakkavattipabhutīnaṃ uttamapurisānaṃ uppattibhūmi uttamadīpo atiramaṇīyoti sutvā raññā mandhātucakkavattinā cakkaratanaṃ purakkhatvā cattāro dīpe anusaṃyāyantena saddhiṃ āgamaṃsu .
Tato rājā pariṇāyakaratanaṃ pucchi –
‘‘ Atthi nu kho manussalokato ramaṇīyataraṃ ṭhānan ’’ ti ?
‘‘ Kasmā deva evaṃ bhaṇasi ?
‘‘ Kiṃ na passasi candimasūriyānaṃ ānubhāvaṃ ?
‘‘ Nanu etesaṃ ṭhānaṃ ito ramaṇīyataran ’’ ti ?
Rājā cakkaratanaṃ purakkhatvā tattha agamāsi .
Cattāro mahārājāno ‘‘ mandhātumahārājā āgato ’’ ti sutvāva ‘‘ mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo rājā na sakkā yuddhena paṭibāhitun ’’ ti sakarajjaṃ niyyātesuṃ .
So taṃ gahetvā puna pucchi –
‘‘ atthi nu kho ito ramaṇīyataraṃ ṭhānan ’’ ti .
Athassa tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ kathayiṃsu –
‘‘ tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ , deva , ramaṇīyataraṃ , tattha sakkassa devarañño ime cattāro mahārājāno paricārakā dovārikabhūmiyaṃ tiṭṭhanti .
Sakko devarājā mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo .
Tassimāni pana upabhogaṭṭhānāni , yojanasahassubbedho vejayantapāsādo , pañcayojanasatubbedhā sudhammā devasabhā , diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko vejayantaratho , tathā erāvaṇo hatthī , dibbarukkhasahassapaṭimaṇḍitaṃM1.231 nandanavanaṃ cittalatāvanaṃ phārusakavanaṃ missakavanaṃV1.236 .
Yojanasatubbedho pāricchattako koviḷāro , tassa heṭṭhā saṭṭhiyojanāyāmā paṇṇāsayojanavitthatā pañcadasayojanubbedhā jayasumanapupphavaṇṇā paṇḍukambalasilā , yassā mudutāya sakkassa nisīdato upaḍḍhakāyo anupavisatī ’’ ti .
Taṃ sutvā rājā tattha gantukāmo cakkaratanaṃ abbhukkiriP1.226 .
Taṃ ākāse patiṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya .
Atha dvinnaṃ devalokānaṃ vemajjhato cakkaratanaṃ otaritvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ pariṇāyakaratanappamukhāya caturaṅginiyā senāya .
Rājā ekakova tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ agamāsi .
Sakko ‘‘ mandhātā āgato ’’ ti sutvāva tassa paccuggamanaṃ katvā –
‘‘ svāgataṃ te , mahārāja , sakaṃ te , mahārāja .
Anusāsa , mahārājā ’’ ti vatvā saddhiṃ nāṭakehi rajjaṃ dvebhāge katvā ekaṃ bhāgamadāsi .
Rañño tāvatiṃsabhavane patiṭṭhitamattasseva manussabhāvo vigacchi , devabhāvo pāturahosi .
Tassa kira sakkena saddhiṃ paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ nisinnassa akkhinimisamattena nānattaṃ paññāyati .
Taṃ asallakkhentā devā sakkassa ca tassa ca nānatte muyhanti .
So tattha dibbasampattiṃ anubhavamāno yāva chattiṃsa sakkā uppajjitvā cutā , tāva rajjaṃ kāretvā atittoyeva kāmehi tato cavitvā attano uyyāne patiṭṭhito vātātapena phuṭṭhagatto kālamakāsi .
Cakkaratane pana pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhite pariṇāyakaratanaṃ suvaṇṇapaṭṭe mandhātuupāhanaṃ likhāpetvā idaṃ mandhāturajjanti rajjamanusāsi .
Tepi tīhi dīpehi āgatamanussā puna gantuṃ asakkontā pariṇāyakaratanaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ deva mayaṃ rañño ānubhāvena āgatā , idāni gantuṃ na sakkoma , vasanaṭṭhānaṃ no dehī ’’ ti yāciṃsu .
So tesaṃ ekekaṃ janapadamadāsi .
Tattha pubbavidehato āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso tāyeva purimasaññāya videharaṭṭhan ti nāmaṃ labhi .
Aparagoyānato āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso aparantajanapadoti nāmaṃ labhi .
Uttarakuruto āgatamanussehi āvasitapadeso kururaṭṭhan ti nāmaṃ labhītiM1.232 .
Bahuke pana gāmanigamādayo upādāya bahuvacanena voharīyati .
Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ kurūsu viharatī ’’ ti .
KammāsadhammaṃV1.237 nāma kurūnaṃ nigamoti .
Kammāsadhamman ti ettha keci dha-kārassa da-kārena atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti .
Kammāso ettha damitoti kammāsadammo .
Kammāsoti kammāsapādo porisādo vuccati .
Tassa kira pāde khāṇukena viddhaṭṭhāne vaṇo ruhanto cittadārusadiso hutvā ruhi , tasmā kammāsapādoti paññāyitthaP1.227 .
So ca tasmiṃ okāse damito porisādabhāvato paṭisedhito .
Kena ?
Mahāsattena .
Katarasmiṃ jātaketi ?
Mahāsutasomajātaketi eke .
Ime pana therā jayaddisajātaketi vadanti .
Tadā hi mahāsattena kammāsapādo damito .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Putto yadā homi jayaddisassa ,
Pañcālaraṭṭhādhipatissa atrajo ;
Cajitvāna pāṇaṃ pitaraṃ pamocayiṃ ,
Kammāsapādampi cahaṃ pasādayin ’’ ti .
Keci pana dha-kāreneva atthaṃ vaṇṇayanti .
Kururaṭṭhavāsīnaṃ kira kuruvattadhammo tasmiṃ kammāso jāto , tasmā taṃ ṭhānaṃ kammāso ettha dhammo jātoti kammāsadhamman ti vuccati .
Tattha niviṭṭhanigamassāpi etadeva nāmaṃ .
Bhummavacanena kasmā na vuttanti ?
Avasanokāsato .
Bhagavato kira tasmiṃ nigame vasanokāso koci vihāro nāhosi .
Nigamato pana apakkamma aññatarasmiṃ udakasampanne ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge mahāvanasaṇḍo ahosi .
Tattha bhagavā vihāsi .
Taṃ nigamaṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvā , tasmā evamettha attho veditabbo ‘‘ kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo , taṃ gocaragāmaṃ katvā ’’ ti .
Uddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā 106. Ekāyano ayaṃ , bhikkhave , maggoti .
Kasmā bhagavā idaṃ suttamabhāsi ?
Kururaṭṭhavāsīnaṃ gambhīradesanāpaṭiggahaṇasamatthatāya .
Kururaṭṭhavāsino kira bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo utupaccayādisampannattā tassa raṭṭhassa sappāyautupaccayasevanena niccaṃ
M1.233 kallasarīrā kallacittā ca honti .
Te cittasarīrakallatāya anuggahitapaññābalā gambhīrakathaṃ pariggahetuṃ samatthā honti .
Tena tesaṃ bhagavā imaṃ gambhīradesanāpaṭiggahaṇasamatthataṃ sampassanto ekavīsatiyāV1.238 ṭhānesu kammaṭṭhānaṃ arahatte pakkhipitvā idaṃ gambhīratthaṃ satipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ abhāsi .
Yathā hi puriso suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭakaṃ labhitvā tattha nānāpupphāni pakkhipeyya , suvaṇṇamañjūsaṃP1.228 vā pana labhitvā sattaratanāni pakkhipeyya , evaṃ bhagavā kururaṭṭhavāsiparisaṃ labhitvā gambhīradesanaṃ desesi .
Tenevettha aññānipi gambhīratthāni dīghanikāye mahānidānaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ imasmiṃ majjhimanikāye sāropamaṃ rukkhūpamaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ māgaṇḍiyaṃ āneñjasappāyan ti aññānipi suttāni desesi .
Apica tasmiṃ janapade catasso parisā pakatiyāva satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti , antamaso dāsakammakaraparijanāpi satipaṭṭhānappaṭisaṃyuttameva kathaṃ kathenti .
Udakatitthasuttakantanaṭṭhānādīsupi niratthakakathā nāma na pavattati .
Sace kāci itthī ‘‘ amma tvaṃ kataraṃ satipaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ manasikarosī ’’ ti pucchitā ‘‘ na kiñcī ’’ ti vadati .
Taṃ garahanti ‘‘ dhiratthu tava jīvitaṃ , jīvamānāpi tvaṃ matasadisā ’’ ti .
Atha naṃ ‘‘ mā dāni puna evamakāsī ’’ ti ovaditvā aññataraṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ uggaṇhāpenti .
Yā pana ‘‘ ahaṃ asukaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaromī ’’ ti vadati .
Tassā ‘‘ sādhu sādhū ’’ ti sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘ tava jīvitaṃ sujīvitaṃ , tvaṃ nāma manussattaṃ pattā , tavatthāya sammāsambuddho uppanno ’’ tiādīhi pasaṃsanti .
Na kevalañcettha manussajātiyāyeva satipaṭṭhānamanasikārayuttā , te nissāya viharantā tiracchānagatāpi .
Tatridaṃ vatthu – eko kira naṭako suvapotakaṃ gahetvā sikkhāpento vicarati .
So bhikkhunupassayaṃ upanissāya vasitvā gamanakāle suvapotakaṃ pamussitvā gato .
Taṃ sāmaṇeriyo gahetvā paṭijaggiṃsu .
Buddharakkhitotissa nāmaṃ akaṃsu .
Taṃ ekadivasaṃ purato nisinnaṃ disvā mahātherī āha –
‘‘ buddharakkhitā ’’ ti ?
Kiṃ ayyeti .
Atthi koci tava manasikāroti ?
Natthi ayyeti .
ĀvusoV1.239 , pabbajitānaṃ santike vasantena nāma vissaṭṭhaattabhāvena bhavituṃ na vaṭṭati , kocidevaP1.229 manasikāro icchitabbo , tvaṃ pana aññaṃ na sakkhissasi ‘‘ aṭṭhi aṭṭhī ’’ tiM1.234 sajjhāyaṃ karohīti .
So theriyā ovāde ṭhatvā ‘‘ aṭṭhi aṭṭhī ’’ ti sajjhāyanto carati .
Taṃ ekadivasaṃ pātova toraṇagge nisīditvā bālātapaṃ tapamānaṃ eko sakuṇo nakhapañjarena aggahesi .
So ‘‘ kiri kirī ’’ ti saddamakāsi .
Sāmaṇeriyo sutvā ‘‘ ayye buddharakkhito sakuṇena gahito , mocema nan ’’ ti leḍḍuādīni gahetvā anubandhitvā mocesuṃ .
Taṃ ānetvā purato ṭhapitaṃ therī āha –
‘‘ Buddharakkhita , sakuṇena gahitakāle kiṃ cintesī ’’ ti ?
Na ayye aññaṃ cintesiṃ ,‘‘ aṭṭhipuñjova aṭṭhipuñjaṃ gahetvā gacchati , katarasmimpi ṭhāne vippakirissatī ’’ ti evaṃ ayye aṭṭhipuñjameva cintesinti .
Sādhu sādhu , buddharakkhita , anāgate bhavakkhayassa te paccayo bhavissatīti .
Evaṃ tattha tiracchānagatāpi satipaṭṭhānamanasikārayuttā , tasmā nesaṃ bhagavā satipaṭṭhānabuddhimeva janento idaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi .
Tattha ekāyanoti ekamaggo .
Maggassa hi –
‘‘ Maggo pantho patho pajjo , añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ ;
Nāvā uttarasetū ca , kullo ca bhisisaṅkamo ’’ ti .( cūḷani .101)–
Bahūni nāmāni .
Svāyaṃ idha ayananāmena vutto .
Tasmā ekāyano ayaṃ , bhikkhave , maggoti ettha ekamaggo ayaṃ , bhikkhave , maggo , na dvedhāpathabhūtoti evamattho daṭṭhabbo .
Atha vā ekena ayitabboti ekāyano .
Ekenāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ pahāya vūpakaṭṭhena pavivittacittena .
Ayitabboti paṭipajjitabbo .
Ayanti vā etenāti ayano , saṃsārato nibbānaṃ gacchantīti atthoV1.240 .
Ekassa ayano ekāyano , ekassāti seṭṭhassa .
Sabbasattānaṃ seṭṭho ca bhagavā , tasmā bhagavatoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Kiñcāpi hi tena aññepi ayanti , evaṃ santepi bhagavatova so ayano tena uppāditattā .
Yathāha ‘‘ so hi , brāhmaṇa , bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā ’’ tiādi ( ma . ni .3.79).
Ayatīti vā ayano , gacchati pavattatīti attho .
Ekasmiṃ ayanoti ekāyano , imasmiṃyeva dhammavinaye pavattati , na aññatrāti vuttaṃ hoti .
YathāhaP1.230 ‘‘ imasmiṃ kho , subhadda , dhammavinaye ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo upalabbhatī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.214).
Desanābhedoyeva heso , attho paneko .
ApicaM1.235 ekaṃ ayatīti ekāyano .
Pubbabhāge nānāmukhabhāvanānayappavattopi aparabhāge ekaṃ nibbānameva gacchatīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yathāha brahmā sahampati –
‘‘ Ekāyanaṃ jātikhayantadassī ,
Maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī ;
Etena maggena tariṃsu pubbe ,
Tarissanti ye ca taranti oghan ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .5.409);
Keci pana ‘‘ na pāraṃ diguṇaṃ yantī ’’ ti gāthānayena yasmā ekavāraṃ nibbānaṃ gacchati .
Tasmā ‘‘ ekāyano ’’ ti vadanti , taṃ na yujjati .
Imassa hi atthassa sakiṃ ayanoti iminā byañjanena bhavitabbaṃ .
Yadi pana ekaṃ ayanamassa ekā gati pavattīti evamatthaṃ yojetvā vucceyya , byañjanaṃ yujjeyya , attho pana ubhayathāpi na yujjati .
Kasmā ?
Idha pubbabhāgamaggassa adhippetattā .
Kāyādicatuārammaṇappavatto hi pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo idha adhippeto , na lokuttaro .
So ca anekavārampi ayati , anekañcassa ayanaṃ hoti .
Pubbepi ca imasmiṃ pade mahātherānaṃ sākacchā ahosiyeva .
Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero ‘‘ pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo ’’ ti āha .
Ācariyo panassa tipiṭakacūḷasumatthero ‘‘ missakamaggo ’’ ti āha .
Pubbabhāgo bhanteti .
Missako āvusoti .
Ācariye punappunaṃ bhaṇante appaṭibāhitvā tuṇhī ahosi .
Pañhaṃ avinicchinitvāva uṭṭhahiṃsu .
Athācariyatthero nhānakoṭṭhakaṃ gacchanto ‘‘ mayā missakamaggo kathito , cūḷanāgo pubbabhāgoti ādāya voharatiV1.241 , ko nu kho ettha nicchayo ’’ ti suttantaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya parivattento ‘‘ yo hi koci , bhikkhave , ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya satta vassānī ’’ ti imasmiṃ ṭhāne sallakkhesi , lokuttaramaggo uppajjitvā satta vassāni tiṭṭhamāno nāma natthi , mayā vutto missakamaggo na labbhati , cūḷanāgena diṭṭho pubbabhāgamaggova labbhatīti ñatvā aṭṭhamiyaṃ dhammassavane saṅghuṭṭhe agamāsi .
PorāṇakattherāM1.236P1.231 kira piyadhammassavanā honti .
Saddaṃ sutvāva ‘‘ ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ , ahaṃ paṭhaman ’’ ti ekappahāreneva osaranti .
Tasmiñca divase cūḷanāgattherassa vāro .
Tena dhammāsane nisīditvā vījaniṃ gahetvā pubbagāthāsu vuttāsu therassa āsanapiṭṭhiyaṃ ṭhitassa etadahosi ‘‘ raho nisīditvā na vakkhāmī ’’ ti .
Porāṇakattherā hi anusūyakā honti , na attano rucimeva ucchubhāraṃ viya evaṃ ukkhipitvā vicaranti , kāraṇameva gaṇhanti , akāraṇaṃ vissajjenti .
Tasmā thero ‘‘ āvuso cūḷanāgā ’’ ti āha .
So ācariyassa viya saddoti dhammaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘ kiṃ bhante ’’ ti āha .
Āvuso cūḷanāga mayā vutto missakamaggo na labbhati , tayā vutto pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggova labbhatīti .
Thero cintesi ‘‘ amhākaṃ ācariyo sabbapariyattiko tepiṭako sutabuddho , evarūpassapi nāma bhikkhuno ayaṃ pañho āluḷeti , anāgate mama bhātikā imaṃ pañhaṃ āluḷessantīti suttaṃ gahetvā imaṃ pañhaṃ niccalaṃ karissāmī ’’ ti paṭisambhidāmaggato ‘‘ ekāyanamaggo vuccati pubbabhāgasatipaṭṭhānamaggo –
‘‘ Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho , saccānaṃ caturo padā ;
Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ , dvipadānañca cakkhumā .
Eseva maggo natthañño , dassanassa visuddhiyā ;
Etañhi tumhe paṭipajjatha , mārasenappamaddanaṃ ;
Etañhi tumhe paṭipannā , dukkhassantaṃ karissathā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .273-275)–
SuttaṃV1.242 āharitvā ṭhapesi .
Maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo ?
Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena nibbānatthikehi magganiyaṭṭhena ca .
Sattānaṃ visuddhiyāti rāgādīhi malehi abhijjhāvisamalobhādīhi ca upakkilesehi kiliṭṭhacittānaṃ sattānaṃ visuddhatthāya .
Tathā hi imināva maggena ito satasahassakappādhikānaṃ catunnaṃP1.232 asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ upari ekasmiññeva kappe nibbatte taṇhaṅkaramedhaṅkarasaraṇaṅkaradīpaṅkaranāmake buddhe ādiṃ katvā sakyamunipariyosānā aneke sammāsambuddhā anekasatā paccekabuddhā gaṇanapathaṃ vītivattā ariyasāvakā cāti imeM1.237 sattā sabbe cittamalaṃ pavāhetvā paramavisuddhiṃ pattā .
Rūpamalavasena pana saṃkilesavodānapaññattiyeva natthi .
Tathā hi –
Rūpena saṃkiliṭṭhena , saṃkilissanti māṇavā ;
Rūpe suddhe visujjhanti , anakkhātaṃ mahesinā .
Cittena saṃkiliṭṭhena , saṃkilissanti māṇavā ;
Citte suddhe visujjhanti , iti vuttaṃ mahesinā .
Yathāha ‘‘ cittasaṃkilesā , bhikkhave , sattā saṃkilissanti , cittavodānā visujjhantī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.100).
Tañca cittavodānaṃ iminā satipaṭṭhānamaggena hoti .
Tenāha ‘‘ sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ’’ ti .
Sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyāti sokassa ca paridevassa ca samatikkamāya , pahānāyāti attho .
Ayañhi maggo bhāvito santatimahāmattā dīnaṃ viya sokasamatikkamāya , paṭācārā dīnaṃ viya ca paridevasamatikkamāya ca saṃvattati .
Tenāha ‘‘ sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā ’’ ti .
Kiñcāpi hi santatimahāmatto –
‘‘ YaṃV1.243 pubbe taṃ visodhehi , pacchā te māhu kiñcanaṃ ;
Majjhe ce no gahessasi , upasanto carissasī ’’ ti .( su . ni .955);
Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patto .
Paṭācārā –
‘‘ Na santi puttā tāṇāya , na pitā nāpi bandhavā ;
Antakenādhipannassa , natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā ’’ ti .( dha . pa .288);
Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhitā .
Yasmā pana kāyavedanācittadhammesu kañci dhammaṃ anāmasitvā bhāvanā nāma natthi , tasmā tepi imināva maggena sokaparideve samatikkantāti veditabbā .
Dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāyāti kāyikadukkhassaP1.233 ca cetasikadomanassassa cāti imesaṃ dvinnaṃ atthaṅgamāya , nirodhāyāti attho .
Ayañhi maggo bhāvito tissattherādīnaṃ viya dukkhassa , sakkādīnaṃ viya ca domanassassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattati .
TatrāyaṃM1.238 atthadīpanā – sāvatthiyaṃ kira tisso nāma kuṭumbikaputto cattālīsa hiraññakoṭiyo pahāya pabbajitvā agāmake araññe viharati .
Tassa kaniṭṭhabhātubhariyā ‘‘ gacchatha naṃ jīvitā voropethā ’’ ti pañcasate core pesesi .
Te gantvā theraṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu .
Thero āha ‘‘ kasmā āgatattha upāsakā ’’ ti ?
Taṃ jīvitā voropessāmāti .
Pāṭibhogaṃ me upāsakā gahetvā ajjekarattiṃ jīvitaṃ dethāti .
Ko te , samaṇa , imasmiṃ ṭhāne pāṭibhogo bhavissatīti ?
Thero mahantaṃ pāsāṇaṃ gahetvā dve ūruṭṭhīni bhinditvā ‘‘ vaṭṭati upāsakā pāṭibhogo ’’ ti āha .
Te apakkamitvā caṅkamanasīse aggiṃ katvā nipajjiṃsu .
Therassa vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā sīlaṃ paccavekkhato parisuddhaṃ sīlaṃ nissāya pītipāmojjaṃ uppajjiV1.244 .
Tato anukkamena vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento tiyāmarattiṃ samaṇadhammaṃ katvā aruṇuggamane arahattaṃ patto imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
‘‘ Ubho pādāni bhinditvā , saññapessāmi vo ahaṃ ;
Aṭṭiyāmi harāyāmi , sarāgamaraṇaṃ ahaṃ .
Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna , yathābhūtaṃ vipassisaṃ ;
Sampatte aruṇuggamhi , arahattamapāpuṇin ’’ ti .
Aparepi tiṃsa bhikkhū bhagavato santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā araññavihāre vassaṃ upagantvā ‘‘ āvuso , tiyāmarattiṃ samaṇadhammova kātabbo , na aññamaññassa santikaṃ āgantabban ’’ ti vatvā vihariṃsu .
Tesaṃ samaṇadhammaṃ katvā paccūsasamaye pacalāyantānaṃ eko byaggho āgantvā ekekaṃ bhikkhuṃ gahetvā gacchati .
Na koci ‘‘ maṃ byaggho gaṇhī ’’ ti vācampi nicchāresi .
Evaṃ pañcasu dasasu bhikkhūsu khāditesu uposathadivase ‘‘ itare , āvuso , kuhin ’’ ti pucchitvā ñatvā ca ‘‘ idāni gahitena , gahitomhīti vattabban ’’ ti vatvā vihariṃsu .
Atha aññataraṃ daharabhikkhuṃ purimanayeneva byaggho gaṇhi .
So ‘‘ byaggho , bhante ’’ ti āha .
Bhikkhū kattaradaṇḍe ca ukkāyo ca gahetvā mocessāmāti anubandhiṃsu .
Byaggho bhikkhūnaṃ agatiṃ chinnataṭaṭṭhānaṃP1.234 āruyha taṃ bhikkhuṃ pādaṅguṭṭhakato paṭṭhāya khādituṃ ārabhi .
Itarepi ‘‘ idāniM1.239 , sappurisa , amhehi kattabbaṃ natthi , bhikkhūnaṃ viseso nāma evarūpe ṭhāne paññāyatī ’’ ti āhaṃsu .
So byagghamukhe nipannova taṃ vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhento yāva gopphakā khāditasamaye sotāpanno hutvā , yāva jaṇṇukā khāditasamaye sakadāgāmī , yāva nābhiyā khāditasamaye anāgāmī hutvā , hadayarūpe akhāditeyeva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
‘‘ SīlavāV1.245 vatasampanno , paññavā susamāhito ;
Muhuttaṃ pamādamanvāya , byagghenoruddhamānaso .
Pañjarasmiṃ gahetvāna , silāya uparīkato ;
Kāmaṃ khādatu maṃ byaggho , bhakkho kāyo amittānaṃ ;
Paṭiladdhe kammaṭṭhāne , maraṇaṃ hehiti bhaddakan ’’ ti .
Aparopi pītamallatthero nāma gihikāle tīsu rajjesu paṭākaṃ gahetvā tambapaṇṇidīpaṃ āgamma rājānaṃ disvā raññā katānuggaho ekadivasaṃ kilañjakāpaṇasāladvārena gacchanto ‘‘ rūpaṃ , bhikkhave , na tumhākaṃ , taṃ pajahatha , taṃ vo pahīnaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.33-34) natumhākavaggaṃ sutvā cintesi ‘‘ neva kira rūpaṃ attano , na vedanā ’’ ti .
So taṃyeva aṅkusaṃ katvā nikkhamitvā mahāvihāraṃ gantvā pabbajjaṃ yācitvā pabbajito upasampanno dvemātikā paguṇaṃ katvā tiṃsa bhikkhū gahetvā gabalavāliyaaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammamakāsi .
Pādesu avahantesu jaṇṇukehi caṅkamati .
Tamenaṃ rattiṃ eko migaluddako migoti maññamāno sattiyā pahari .
Satti vinivijjhitvā gatā .
So taṃ sattiṃ harāpetvā pahāramukhāni tiṇavaṭṭiyā pūrāpetvā pāsāṇapiṭṭhiyaṃ attānaṃ nisīdāpetvā okāsaṃ kāretvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā ukkāsitasaddena āgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ byākaritvā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
‘‘ BhāsitaṃP1.235 buddhaseṭṭhassa , sabbalokaggavādino ;
Na tumhākamidaṃ rūpaṃ , taṃ jaheyyātha bhikkhavo .
AniccāM1.240 vata saṅkhārā , uppādavayadhammino ;
Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti , tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho ’’ ti .
Atha naṃ bhikkhū āhaṃsu ‘‘ sace , bhante , sammāsambuddho arogo abhavissā , addhā te muddhamatthakeV1.246 hatthaṃ pasāretvā sīsaṃ parāmaseyyā ’’ ti .
Ettāvatā ayaṃ maggo tissattherādīnaṃ viya dukkhassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattati .
Sakko pana devānamindo attano pañcavidhaṃ pubbanimittaṃ disvā maraṇabhayasantajjito domanassajāto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi .
So upekkhāpañhavissajjanāvasāne asītisahassāhi devatāhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi .
Sā cassa upapatti puna pākatikāva ahosi .
Subrahmāpi devaputto accharāsahassaparivāro saggasampattiṃ anubhoti , tattha pañcasatā accharāyo rukkhato pupphāni ocinantiyo cavitvā niraye upapannā .
So ‘‘ kiṃ imā cirāyantī ’’ ti upadhārento tāsaṃ niraye nibbattabhāvaṃ disvā ‘‘ kittakaṃ nu kho mama āyū ’’ ti upaparikkhanto attanopi āyuparikkhayaṃ viditvā tattheva niraye nibbattanabhāvaṃ disvā bhīto ativiya domanassajāto hutvā ‘‘ imaṃ me domanassaṃ satthā vinayissati na añño ’’ ti avasesā pañcasatā accharāyo gahetvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchi –
‘‘ Niccaṃ utrastamidaṃ cittaṃ , niccaṃ ubbiggidaṃ mano ;
Anuppannesu kicchesu , atho uppatitesu ca ;
Sace atthi anutrastaṃ , taṃ me akkhāhi pucchito ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.98);
Tato naṃ bhagavā āha –
‘‘ Nāññatra bojjhā tapasā , nāññatrindriyasaṃvarā ;
Nāññatra sabbanissaggā , sotthiṃ passāmi pāṇinan ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.98);
SoP1.236 desanāpariyosāne pañcahi accharāsatehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya taṃ sampattiṃV1.247 thāvaraṃ katvā devalokameva agamāsītiM1.241 .
Evamayaṃ maggo bhāvito sakkādīnaṃ viya domanassassa atthaṅgamāya saṃvattatīti veditabbo .
Ñāyassa adhigamāyāti ñāyo vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo , tassa adhigamāya , pattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Ayañhi pubbabhāge lokiyo satipaṭṭhānamaggo bhāvito lokuttarassa maggassa adhigamāya saṃvattati .
Tenāha ‘‘ ñāyassa adhigamāyā ’’ ti .
Nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyāti taṇhāvānavirahitattā nibbānanti laddhanāmassa amatassa sacchikiriyāya , attapaccakkhatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Ayañhi maggo bhāvito anupubbena nibbānasacchikiriyaṃ sādheti .
Tenāha ‘‘ nibbānassa sacchikiriyāyā ’’ ti .
Tattha kiñcāpi ‘‘ sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ’’ ti vutte sokasamatikkamādīni atthato siddhāneva honti , ṭhapetvā pana sāsanayuttikovide aññesaṃ na pākaṭāni , na ca bhagavā paṭhamaṃ sāsanayuttikovidaṃ janaṃ katvā pacchā dhammaṃ deseti .
Tena teneva pana suttena taṃ taṃ atthaṃ ñāpeti .
Tasmā idha yaṃ yaṃ atthaṃ ekāyanamaggo sādheti , taṃ taṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassento ‘‘ sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā ’’ tiādimāha .
Yasmā vā yā sattānaṃ visuddhi ekāyanamaggena saṃvattati , sā sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamena hoti , sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamo dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamena , dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamo ñāyassādhigamena , ñāyassādhigamo nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya .
Tasmā imampi kamaṃ dassento ‘‘ sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ’’ ti vatvā ‘‘ sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāyā ’’ tiādimāha .
Apica vaṇṇabhaṇanametaṃ ekāyanamaggassa .
Yatheva hi bhagavā ‘‘ dhammaṃ vo , bhikkhave , desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmi , yadidaṃ chachakkānī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.420) chachakkadesanāya aṭṭhahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi , yathā ca ariyavaṃsadesanāya ‘‘ cattārome , bhikkhave , ariyavaṃsā aggaññā rattaññā vaṃsaññā porāṇā asaṃkiṇṇā asaṃkiṇṇapubbā naP1.237 saṃkīyanti , na saṃkīyissanti , appaṭikuṭṭhā samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhī ’’ tiM1.242 ( a . ni .4.28) navahiV1.248 padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi , evaṃ imassapi ekāyanamaggassa sattānaṃ visuddhiyātiādīhi sattahi padehi vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi .
Kasmā iti ce ?
Tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ .
Vaṇṇabhāsanañhi sutvā te bhikkhū ‘‘ ayaṃ kira maggo hadayasantāpabhūtaṃ sokaṃ , vācāvippalāpabhūtaṃ paridevaṃ , kāyikaasātabhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ , cetasikaasātabhūtaṃ domanassanti cattāro upaddave hanati , visuddhiṃ ñāyaṃ nibbānanti tayo visese āvahatī ’’ ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ , imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissanti .
Iti tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ussāhajananatthaṃ vaṇṇaṃ abhāsi , kambalavāṇijādayo kambalādīnaṃ vaṇṇaṃ viya .
Yathā hi satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijena kambalaṃ gaṇhathāti ugghositepi asukakambaloti na tāva manussā jānanti .
Kesakambalavālakambalādayopi hi duggandhā kharasamphassā kambalātveva vuccanti .
Yadā pana tena gandhārako rattakambalo sukhumo ujjalo sukhasamphassoti ugghositaṃ hoti , tadā ye pahonti , te gaṇhanti .
Ye na pahonti , tepi dassanakāmā honti , evamevaṃ ‘‘ ekāyano ayaṃ , bhikkhave , maggo ’’ ti vuttepi asukamaggoti na tāva pākaṭo hoti .
Nānappakārakā hi aniyyānamaggāpi maggātveva vuccanti .
‘‘ Sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ’’ tiādimhi pana vutte ‘‘ ayaṃ kira maggo cattāro upaddave hanati , tayo visese āvahatī ’’ ti ussāhajātā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ uggahetabbaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbaṃ dhāretabbaṃ vācetabbaṃ , imañca maggaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ maññissantīti vaṇṇaṃ bhāsanto ‘‘ sattānaṃ visuddhiyā ’’ tiādimāha .
Yathā ca satasahassagghanikapaṇḍukambalavāṇijopamā , evaṃ rattajambunadasuvaṇṇaudakappasādakamaṇiratanasuvisuddhamuttāratanadhotapavāḷādivāṇijūpamādayopettha āharitabbā .
Yadidan ti nipāto , ye imeti ayamassa attho .
Cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo , tena na tato heṭṭhā na uddhanti satipaṭṭhānaparicchedaṃ dīpeti .
Satipaṭṭhānāti tayo satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi , tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesuP1.238 satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatāpi , satipi .
‘‘ CatunnaṃM1.243 , bhikkhave , satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi , taṃ suṇātha … pe ….
Ko ca , bhikkhave , kāyassa samudayo ?
Āhārasamudayā kāyasamudayo ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .3.408) hiV1.249 satigocaro satipaṭṭhānan ti vuccati .
Tathā ‘‘ kāyo paṭṭhānaṃ , no sati .
Sati paṭṭhānañceva sati cā ’’ tiādīsupi ( paṭi . ma .3.35).
Tassattho – patiṭṭhāti asminti paṭṭhānaṃ .
Kā patiṭṭhāti ?
Sati .
Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ .
Padhānaṭṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ .
Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ , hatthiṭṭhānaassaṭṭhānādīni viya .
‘‘ Tayo satipaṭṭhānā , yadariyo sevati , yadariyo sevamāno satthā gaṇamanusāsitumarahatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.311) etthāpi tidhā paṭipannesu sāvakesu satthuno paṭighānunayavītivattatā ‘‘ satipaṭṭhānan ’’ ti vuttā .
Tassattho – paṭṭhapetabbato paṭṭhānaṃ , pavattayitabbatoti attho .
Kena paṭṭhapetabbatoti ?
Satiyā .
Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānanti .
‘‘ Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrentī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .5.989) pana satiyeva ‘‘ satipaṭṭhānan ’’ ti vuccati .
Tassattho – patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ , upaṭṭhāti okkantitvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho .
Satiyeva paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ .
Atha vā saraṇaṭṭhena sati , upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānaṃ .
Iti sati ca sā paṭṭhānañcātipi satipaṭṭhānaṃ .
Idamidha adhippetaṃ .
Yadi evaṃ , kasmā ‘‘ satipaṭṭhānā ’’ ti bahuvacanaṃ ?
Satibahuttā .
Ārammaṇabhedena hi bahukā etā satiyo .
Atha maggoti kasmā ekavacanaṃ ?
Maggaṭṭhena ekattā .
Catassopi hi etā satiyo maggaṭṭhena ekattaṃ gacchanti .
Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ maggoti kenaṭṭhena maggo ?
Nibbānagamanaṭṭhena , nibbānatthikehi magganīyaṭṭhena cā ’’ ti .
Catassopi cetā aparabhāge kāyādīsu ārammaṇesu kiccaṃ sādhayamānā nibbānaṃ gacchanti .
Ādito paṭṭhāya ca nibbānatthikehi maggīyanti , tasmā catassopi eko maggoti vuccantiP1.239 .
Evañca sati vacanānusandhinā sānusandhikāva desanā hoti ,‘‘ mārasenappamaddanaṃ vo , bhikkhave , maggaṃ desessāmi , taṃ suṇātha … pe … katamo ca , bhikkhave , mārasenappamaddano maggo ?
Yadidaṃ sattabojjhaṅgā ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .5.224) viya hi yathā mārasenappamaddanoti ca sattabojjhaṅgāti ca atthatoM1.244 ekaṃ , byañjanamevettha nānaṃ .
Evaṃ ekāyanamaggoti ca cattāro satipaṭṭhānāti ca atthato ekaṃ , byañjanamevettha nānaṃ .
Tasmā maggaṭṭhena ekattā ekavacanaṃ , ārammaṇabhedena satibahuttā bahuvacanaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Kasmā pana bhagavatā cattārova satipaṭṭhānā vuttā anūnā anadhikāti ?
VeneyyahitattāV1.250 .
Taṇhācaritadiṭṭhicaritasamathayānikavipassanāyānikesu hi mandatikkhavasena dvedhā dvedhā pavattesu veneyyesu mandassa taṇhācaritassa oḷārikaṃ kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo , tikkhassa sukhumaṃ vedanānupassanaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ .
Diṭṭhicaritassāpi mandassa nātippabhedagataṃ cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo , tikkhassa atippabhedagataṃ dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ .
Samathayānikassa ca mandassa akicchena adhigantabbanimittaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo , tikkhassa oḷārikārammaṇe asaṇṭhahanato dutiyaṃ .
Vipassanāyānikassapi mandassa nātippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ tatiyaṃ , tikkhassa atippabhedagatārammaṇaṃ catutthaṃ .
Iti cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti .
Subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsapahānatthaṃ vā .
Kāyo hi asubho , tattha ca subhavipallāsavipallatthā sattā , tesaṃ tattha asubhabhāvadassanena tassa vipallāsassa pahānatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ .
Sukhaṃ niccaṃ attāti gahitesupi ca vedanādīsu vedanā dukkhā , cittaṃ aniccaṃ , dhammā anattā , tesu ca sukhaniccaattavipallāsavipallatthā sattā , tesaṃ tattha dukkhādibhāvadassanena tesaṃ vipallāsānaṃ pahānatthaṃ sesāni tīṇi vuttānīti evaṃ subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsapahānatthaṃ vā cattārova vuttā anūnā anadhikāti veditabbā .
Na kevalañca vipallāsapahānatthameva , atha kho caturoghayogāsavaganthaupādānaagatipahānatthampiP1.240 catubbidhāhārapariññatthañca cattārova vuttāti veditabbā .
Ayaṃ tāva pakaraṇanayo .
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattāroti etadeva vuttaṃ .
Yathā hi catudvāre nagare pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti , dakkhiṇato pacchimato uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti , evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Nagaraṃ viya hi nibbānamahānagaraṃM1.245 .
Dvāraṃ viya aṭṭhaṅgiko lokuttaramaggo .
Pācīnadisādayo viya kāyādayo .
YathāV1.251 pācīnato āgacchantā pācīnadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pācīnadvārena nagarameva pavisanti , evaṃ kāyānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā cuddasavidhena kāyānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā kāyānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti .
Yathā dakkhiṇato āgacchantā dakkhiṇadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇadvārena nagarameva pavisanti , evaṃ vedanānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā navavidhena vedanānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā vedanānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti .
Yathā pacchimato āgacchantā pacchimadisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pacchimadvārena nagarameva pavisanti , evaṃ cittānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā soḷasavidhena cittānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā cittānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti .
Yathā uttarato āgacchantā uttaradisāya uṭṭhānakaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā uttaradvārena nagarameva pavisanti , evaṃ dhammānupassanāmukhena āgacchantā pañcavidhena dhammānupassanaṃ bhāvetvā dhammānupassanābhāvanānubhāvanibbattena ariyamaggena ekaṃ nibbānameva osaranti .
Evaṃ saraṇavasena ceva ekattasamosaraṇavasena ca ekameva satipaṭṭhānaṃ ārammaṇavasena cattārova vuttāti veditabbā .Katame
P1.241 cattāroti kathetukamyatā pucchā .Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane .
Bhikkhaveti dhammapaṭiggāhakapuggalālapanametaṃ .
Bhikkhūti paṭipattisampādakapuggalanidassanametaṃ .
Aññepi ca devamanussā paṭipattiṃ sampādentiyeva , seṭṭhattā pana paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanato ca ,‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti āha .
Bhagavato hi anusāsaniṃ sampaṭicchantesu bhikkhu seṭṭho , sabbappakārāya anusāsaniyā bhājanabhāvato , tasmā seṭṭhattā ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti āha .
Tasmiṃ gahite pana sesā gahitāva honti rājagamanādīsu rājaggahaṇena sesaparisā viya .
Yo ca imaṃ paṭipattiṃ paṭipajjati , so bhikkhu nāma hotīti
M1.246 paṭipattiyā bhikkhubhāvadassanatopi ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti āhaV1.252 .
Paṭipannako hi devo vā hotu manusso vā ,‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti saṅkhaṃ gacchatiyeva .
Yathāha –
‘‘ Alaṅkato cepi samaṃ careyya ,
Santo danto niyato brahmacārī ;
Sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ ,
So brāhmaṇo so samaṇo sa bhikkhū ’’ ti .( dha . pa .142);
Kāyeti rūpakāye .
Rūpakāyo hi idha aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ kesādīnañca dhammānaṃ samūhaṭṭhena hatthikāyarathakāyādayo viya kāyoti adhippeto .
Yathā ca samūhaṭṭhena , evaṃ kucchitānaṃ āyaṭṭhena .
Kucchitānañhi paramajegucchānaṃ so āyotipi kāyo .
Āyoti uppattideso .
Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho , āyanti tatoti āyo .
Ke āyanti ?
Kucchitā kesādayo .
Iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo .
Kāyānupassīti kāyamanupassanasīlo , kāyaṃ vā anupassamāno .
‘‘ Kāye ’’ ti ca vatvāpi puna ‘‘ kāyānupassī ’’ ti dutiyaṃ kāyaggahaṇaṃ asammissato vavatthānaghanavinibbhogādidassanatthaṃ katanti veditabbaṃ .
Tena na kāye vedanānupassī vā , cittadhammānupassī vā , atha kho kāyānupassīyevāti kāyasaṅkhāte vatthusmiṃ kāyānupassanākārasseva dassanena asammissato vavatthānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti .
Tathā na kāye aṅgapaccaṅgavimuttaekadhammānupassī , nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthipurisānupassī .
Yopi cettha kesalomādiko bhūtupādāyasamūhasaṅkhāto kāyoP1.242 , tatthapi na bhūtupādāyavinimuttaekadhammānupassī , atha kho rathasambhārānupassako viya aṅgapaccaṅgasamūhānupassī , nagarāvayavānupassako viya kesalomādisamūhānupassī , kadalikkhandhapattavaṭṭivinibbhujanako viya rittamuṭṭhiviniveṭhako viya ca bhūtupādāyasamūhānupassīyevāti nānappakārato samūhavaseneva kāyasaṅkhātassa vatthuno dassanena ghanavinibbhogo dassito hoti .
Na hettha yathāvuttasamūhavinimutto kāyo vā itthī vā puriso vā añño vā koci dhammo dissatiM1.247 , yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana tathā tathā sattā micchābhinivesaṃ karonti .
Tenāhu porāṇā –
‘‘ YaṃV1.253 passati na taṃ diṭṭhaṃ , yaṃ diṭṭhaṃ taṃ na passati ;
Apassaṃ bajjhate mūḷho , bajjhamāno na muccatī ’’ ti .
–
Ghanavinibbhogādidassanatthanti vuttaṃ .
Ādisaddena cettha ayampi attho veditabbo – ayañhi ekasmiṃ kāye kāyānupassīyeva , na aññadhammānupassī .
Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?
Yathā anudakabhūtāyapi marīciyā udakānupassino honti , na evaṃ aniccadukkhānattaasubhabhūteyeva imasmiṃ kāye niccasukhaattasubhabhāvānupassī , atha kho kāyānupassī aniccadukkhānattaasubhākārasamūhānupassīyevāti .
Atha vā yvāyaṃ parato ‘‘ idha , bhikkhave , bhikkhu araññagato vā … pe … so satova assasatī ’’ tiādinā nayena assāsapassāsādicuṇṇikajātaaṭṭhikapariyosāno kāyo vutto , yo ca ‘‘ idhekacco pathavikāyaṃ aniccato anupassati āpokāyaṃ tejokāyaṃ vāyokāyaṃ kesakāyaṃ lomakāyaṃ chavikāyaṃ cammakāyaṃ maṃsakāyaṃ ruhirakāyaṃ nahārukāyaṃ aṭṭhikāyaṃ aṭṭhimiñjakāyan ’’ ti paṭisambhidāyaṃ ( paṭi . ma .3.35) kāyo vutto , tassa sabbassa imasmiṃyeva kāye anupassanato ‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī ’’ ti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo .
Atha vā kāye ahanti vā mamanti vā evaṃ gahetabbassa yassa kassaci ananupassanato tassa tasseva pana kesālomādikassa nānādhammasamūhassa anupassanato kāye kesādidhammasamūhasaṅkhātakāyānupassīti evamattho daṭṭhabbo .
Apica ‘‘ imasmiṃ kāye aniccato anupassati , no niccato ’’ tiādinā nayenaP1.243 paṭisambhidāyaṃ āgatanayassa sabbasseva aniccalakkhaṇādino ākārasamūhasaṅkhātassa kāyassānupassanatopi ‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī ’’ ti evampi attho daṭṭhabbo .
Tathā hi ayaṃ kāye kāyānupassanāpaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno bhikkhu imaṃ kāyaṃ aniccānupassanādīnaṃ sattannaṃ anupassanānaṃ vasena aniccato anupassati , no niccato .
Dukkhato anupassati , no sukhato .
AnattatoM1.248 anupassati , no attato .
Nibbindati , no nandati .
Virajjati , no rajjati .
Nirodheti , no samudeti .
Paṭinissajjati , no ādiyati .
So taṃ aniccato anupassanto niccasaññaṃ pajahati , dukkhato anupassanto sukhasaññaṃV1.254 pajahati , anattato anupassanto attasaññaṃ pajahati , nibbindanto nandiṃ pajahati , virajjanto rāgaṃ pajahati , nirodhento samudayaṃ pajahati , paṭinissajjanto ādānaṃ pajahatīti veditabbo .
Viharatīti iriyati .
Ātāpīti tīsu bhavesu kilese ātāpetīti ātāpo , vīriyassetaṃ nāmaṃ .
Ātāpo assa atthīti ātāpī .
Sampajānoti sampajaññasaṅkhātena ñāṇena samannāgato .
Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato .
Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati , na hi sativirahitassa anupassanā nāma atthi .
Tenevāha ‘‘ satiñca khvāhaṃ , bhikkhave , sabbatthikaṃ vadāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.234).
Tasmā ettha ‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī viharatī ’’ ti ettāvatā kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānakammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ hoti .
Atha vā yasmā anātāpino antosaṅkhepo antarāyakaro hoti , asampajāno upāyapariggahe anupāyaparivajjane ca sammuyhati , muṭṭhassati upāyāpariccāge anupāyāpariggahe ca asamattho hoti , tenassa taṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ na sampajjati , tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ sampajjati .
Tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ ātāpī sampajāno satimāti idaṃ vuttan ’’ ti veditabbaṃ .
Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ sampayogaṅgañcassa dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan ti vuttaṃ .
Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā .
Loketi tasmiṃyevaP1.244 kāye .
Kāyo hi idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena lokoti adhippeto .
Yasmā panassa na kāyamatteyeva abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīyati , vedanādīsupi pahīyatiyeva , tasmā ‘‘ pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko ’’ ti vibhaṅge ( vibha .362) vuttaṃ .
Lokasaṅkhātattā vā tesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthuddhāranayenetaṃ vuttaṃ .
Yaṃ panāha ‘‘ tattha katamo loko ?
Sveva kāyo loko ’’ ti .
Ayamevettha attho , tasmiṃ loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ vineyyāti evaṃ sambandho daṭṭhabbo .
Yasmā panettha abhijjhāgahaṇena kāmacchandoM1.249 , domanassaggahaṇena byāpādo saṅgahaṃ gacchati , tasmā nīvaraṇapariyāpannabalavadhammadvayadassanena nīvaraṇappahānaṃ vuttaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ .
VisesenaV1.255 cettha abhijjhāvinayena kāyasampattimūlakassa anurodhassa , domanassavinayena pana kāyavipattimūlakassa virodhassa , abhijjhāvinayena ca kāye abhiratiyā , domanassavinayena kāyabhāvanāya anabhiratiyā , abhijjhāvinayena kāye abhūtānaṃ subhasukhabhāvādīnaṃ pakkhepassa , domanassavinayena ca kāye bhūtānaṃ asubhāsukhabhāvādīnaṃ apanayanassa ca pahānaṃ vuttaṃ .
Tena yogāvacarassa yogānubhāvo yogasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti .
Yogānubhāvo hi esa , yadidaṃ anurodhavirodhavippamutto aratiratisaho abhūtapakkhepabhūtāpanayanavirahito ca hoti .
Anurodhavirodhavippamutto cesa aratiratisaho abhūtaṃ apakkhipanto bhūtañca anapanento yogasamattho hotīti .
Aparo nayo ‘‘ kāye kāyānupassī ’’ ti ettha anupassanāya kammaṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ .
‘‘ Viharatī ’’ ti ettha vuttavihārena kammaṭṭhānikassa kāyapariharaṇaṃ .
‘‘ Ātāpī ’’ tiādīsu ātāpena sammappadhānaṃ , satisampajaññena sabbatthikakammaṭṭhānaṃ , kammaṭṭhānapariharaṇūpāyo vā , satiyā vā kāyānupassanāvasena paṭiladdhasamatho , sampajaññena vipassanā , abhijjhādomanassavinayena bhāvanāphalaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ .
Vibhaṅge pana ‘‘ anupassī ’’ ti tattha katamā anupassanā ?
Yā paññā pajānanā … pe … sammādiṭṭhi .
Ayaṃ vuccati anupassanā .
Imāya anupassanāya upeto hoti samupeto upāgato samupāgato upapanno sampanno samannāgato .
Tena vuccati anupassīti .
Viharatīti iriyatiP1.245 vattati pāleti yapeti yāpeti carati viharati .
Tena vuccati viharatīti .
Ātāpīti tattha katamo ātāpo ?
Yo cetasiko vīriyārambho … pe … sammāvāyāmo .
Ayaṃ vuccati ātāpo .
Iminā ātāpena upeto hoti … pe … samannāgato .
Tena vuccati ātāpīti .
SampajānotiM1.250 tattha katamaṃ sampajaññaṃ ?
Yā paññā pajānanā … pe … sammādiṭṭhi .
Idaṃ vuccatiV1.256 sampajaññaṃ .
Iminā sampajaññena upeto hoti … pe … samannāgato .
Tena vuccati sampajānoti .
Satimāti tattha katamā sati ?
Yā sati anussati … pe … sammāsati .
Ayaṃ vuccati sati .
Imāya satiyā upeto hoti … pe … samannāgato .
Tena vuccati satimāti .
Vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan ti tattha katamo loko ?
Sveva kāyo loko , pañcapi upādānakkhandhā loko .
Ayaṃ vuccati loko .
Tattha katamā abhijjhā ?
Yo rāgo sārāgo anunayo anurodho nandī nandīrāgo cittassa sārāgo , ayaṃ vuccati abhijjhā .
Tattha katamaṃ domanassaṃ ?
Yaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ , cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ , cetosamphassajaṃ asātaṃ … pe … dukkhā vedanā .
Idaṃ vuccati domanassaṃ .
Iti ayañca abhijjhā idañca domanassaṃ imamhi loke vinītā honti paṭivinītā santā vūpasantā samitā vūpasamitā atthaṅgatā abbhatthaṅgatā appitā byappitā sositā visositā byantīkatā , tena vuccati vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti ( vibha .356) evametesaṃ padānamattho vutto .
Tena saha ayaṃ aṭṭhakathānayo yathā saṃsandati , evaṃ veditabbo .
Ayaṃ tāva kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānuddesassa atthavaṇṇanā .Vedanāsu … citte … dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati … pe … vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan ti ettha pana vedanānupassīti evamādīsu vedanādīnaṃ puna vacane payojanaṃ kāyānupassanāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ .
Vedanāsu vedanānupassī , citte cittānupassī , dhammesu dhammānupassīti ettha pana vedanāti tisso vedanā , tā ca lokiyā eva .
Cittampi lokiyaṃ , tathā dhammā .
Tesaṃ vibhāgo niddesavāre pākaṭo bhavissati .
Kevalaṃ panidha yathā vedanā anupassitabbā , tathā anupassanto vedanāsu vedanānupassīti veditabbo .
Esa nayo cittadhammesupi .
Kathañca vedanā anupassitabbāti ?
Sukhā tāva vedanā
P1.246 dukkhato , dukkhā sallato , adukkhamasukhā aniccato .
Yathāha –
‘‘ YoV1.257M1.251 sukhaṃ dukkhato adda , dukkhamaddakkhi sallato ;
Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ , adakkhi naṃ aniccato ;
Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu , upasanto carissatī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .4.253);
Sabbā eva cetā dukkhātipi anupassitabbā .
Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘ yaṃkiñci vedayitaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.259).
Sukhadukkhatopi ca anupassitabbā .
Yathāha ‘‘ sukhā vedanā ṭhitisukhā vipariṇāmadukkhā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.464) sabbaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ .
Apica aniccādisattānupassanāvasenapi anupassitabbā .
Sesaṃ niddesavāreyeva pākaṭaṃ bhavissati .
Cittadhammesupi cittaṃ tāva ārammaṇādhipatisahajātabhūmikammavipākakiriyādinānattabhedānaṃ aniccādisattānupassanānaṃ niddesavāre āgatasarāgādibhedānañca vasena anupassitabbaṃ .
Dhammā salakkhaṇasāmaññalakkhaṇānaṃ suññatadhammassa aniccādisattānupassanānaṃ niddesavāre āgatasantāsantādibhedānañca vasena anupassitabbā .
Sesaṃ vuttanayameva .
Kāmañcettha yassa kāyasaṅkhāte loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ pahīnaṃ , tassa vedanādilokesupi taṃ pahīnameva .
Nānāpuggalavasena pana nānācittakkhaṇikasatipaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena ca sabbattha vuttaṃ .
Yato vā ekattha pahīnaṃ sesesupi pahīnaṃ hoti .
Tenevassa tattha pahānadassanatthampi evaṃ vuttanti veditabbanti .Uddesavārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .