3. Dhammadāyādasuttavaṇṇanā
29. Evaṃ
V1.95 me sutan ti dhammadāyādasuttaṃ .
Yasmā panassa aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo , tasmā taṃ dassetvā vassa apubbapadavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma .
Katarāya ca panidaṃ aṭṭhuppattiyā nikkhittanti .
Lābhasakkāre .
Bhagavato kira mahālābhasakkāro uppajji .
Yathā taṃ cattāro asaṅkhyeyye pūritadānapāramīsañcayassa .
Sabbadisāsu yamakamahāmeghoP1.88 vuṭṭhahitvā mahoghaṃ viya sabbapāramiyo ekasmiṃ attabhāve vipākaṃ dassāmāti sampiṇḍitā viya lābhasakkāramahoghaṃ nibbattayiṃsu .
Tato tato annapānayānavatthamālāgandhavilepanādihatthā khattiyabrāhmaṇādayo āgantvā –
‘‘ kahaṃ buddho , kahaṃ bhagavā , kahaṃ devadevo , narāsabho , purisasīho ’’ ti bhagavantaṃ pariyesanti .
Sakaṭasatehipi paccaye āharitvā okāsaṃ alabhamānā samantā gāvutappamāṇampi sakaṭadhurena sakaṭadhuramāhaccatiṭṭhanti ceva anubandhanti ca .
Andhakavindabrāhmaṇādayo viya .
Sabbaṃ khandhake tesu tesu suttesu ca āgatanayeneva veditabbaṃ .
Yathā ca bhagavato , evaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassāpi .
Vuttampi cetaṃ –
‘‘ tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ , bhikkhusaṅghopi kho sakkato hoti … pe … parikkhārānan ’’ ti ( udā .14).
Tathā –
‘‘ yāvatāM1.92 kho , cunda , etarahi saṅgho vā gaṇo vā loke uppanno , nāhaṃ , cunda , aññaṃ ekasaṅghampi samanupassāmi , evaṃ lābhaggayasaggapattaṃ , yathariva , cunda , bhikkhusaṅgho ’’ ti ( dī . ni .3.176).
Svāyaṃ bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca uppanno lābhasakkāro ekato hutvā dvinnaṃ mahānadīnaṃ udakamiva appameyyo ahosi .
Kamena bhikkhū paccayagarukā paccayabāhulikā ahesuṃ .
Pacchābhattampi telamadhuphāṇitādīsu āhaṭesu gaṇḍiṃyeva paharitvā ‘‘ amhākaṃ ācariyassa detha , upajjhāyassa dethā ’’ ti uccāsaddamahāsaddaṃ karonti .
Sā ca nesaṃ pavatti bhagavatopiV1.96 pākaṭā ahosi .
Tato bhagavā ananucchavikanti dhammasaṃvegaṃ uppādetvā cintesi –
‘‘ Paccayā akappiyāti na sakkā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetuṃ .
Paccayapaṭibaddhā hi kulaputtānaṃ samaṇadhammavutti .
Handāhaṃ dhammadāyādapaṭipadaṃ desemi .
Sā sikkhākāmānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sikkhāpadapaññatti viya bhavissati nagaradvāre ṭhapitasabbakāyikaādāso viya ca , yathā hi nagaradvāre ṭhapite sabbakāyike ādāse cattāro vaṇṇā attano chāyaṃ disvā vajjaṃ pahāya niddosā honti , evameva sikkhākāmā kulaputtā payogamaṇḍanena attānaṃ maṇḍetukāmā imaṃ sabbakāyikādāsūpamaṃP1.89 desanaṃ āvajjitvā āmisadāyādapaṭipadaṃ vajjetvā dhammadāyādapaṭipadaṃ pūrentā khippameva jātijarāmaraṇassa antaṃ karissantī ’’ ti .
Imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā idaṃ suttaṃ abhāsi .Tattha dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavatha , mā āmisadāyādāti dhammassa me dāyādā , bhikkhave , bhavatha , mā āmisassa .
Yo mayhaṃ dhammo , tassa paṭiggāhakā bhavatha , yañca kho mayhaṃ āmisaṃ , tassa mā paṭiggāhakā bhavathāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Tattha dhammopi duvidho – nippariyāyadhammo , pariyāyadhammoti .
Āmisampi duvidhaṃ – nippariyāyāmisaṃ , pariyāyāmisanti .
Kathaṃ ?
Maggaphalanibbānabhedo hi navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo nippariyāyadhammo nibbattitadhammo , na yena kenaci pariyāyena kāraṇena vā lesena vā dhammo .
Yaṃ panidaṃ vivaṭṭūpanissitaṃ kusalaṃ , seyyathidaṃ , idhekacco
M1.93 vivaṭṭaṃ patthento dānaṃ deti , sīlaṃ samādiyati , uposathakammaṃ karoti , gandhamālādīhi vatthupūjaṃ karoti , dhammaṃ suṇāti deseti jhānasamāpattiyo nibbatteti , evaṃ karonto anupubbena nippariyāyadhammaṃ amataṃ nibbānaṃ paṭilabhati , ayaṃ pariyāyadhammo .
Tathā cīvarādayo cattāro paccayā nippariyāyāmisameva , na aññena pariyāyena kāraṇena vā lesena vā āmisaṃ .
Yaṃ panidaṃ vaṭṭagāmikusalaṃ , seyyathidaṃ , idhekacco vaṭṭaṃ patthento sampattibhavaṃ icchamāno dānaṃ deti … pe … samāpattiyo nibbatteti , evaṃ karonto anupubbena devamanussasampattiṃ paṭilabhati , idaṃ pariyāyāmisaṃ nāma .
Tattha nippariyāyadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako .
Bhagavatā hi kathitattā bhikkhūV1.97 maggaphalanibbānāni adhigacchanti .
Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘ so hi brāhmaṇa bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā , asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā , anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā , maggaññū maggavidū maggakovido .
Maggānugā ca pana etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchā samannāgatā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.79) ca –
‘‘ so hāvuso , bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti , passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.203) ca .
Pariyāyadhammopi bhagavatoyeva santako .
BhagavatāP1.90 hi kathitattā evaṃ jānanti ‘‘ vivaṭṭaṃ patthetvā dānaṃ dento … pe … samāpattiyo nibbattento anukkamena amataṃ nibbānaṃ paṭilabhatī ’’ ti .
Nippariyāyāmisampi ca bhagavatoyeva santakaṃ .
Bhagavatā hi anuññātattāyeva bhikkhūhi jīvakavatthuṃ ādiṃ katvā paṇītacīvaraṃ laddhaṃ .
Yathāha ‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , gahapaticīvaraṃ .
Yo icchati , paṃsukūliko hotu , yo icchati , gahapaticīvaraṃ sādiyatu .
Itarītarenapāhaṃ , bhikkhave , santuṭṭhiṃyeva vaṇṇemī ’’ ti ( mahāva .337).
Pubbe ca bhikkhū paṇītapiṇḍapātaṃ nālatthuṃ .
Sapadānapiṇḍiyālopabhojanā evāhesuṃ .
Tehi rājagahe viharantena bhagavatā –
‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , saṅghabhattaṃ uddesabhattaṃ nimantanaṃ salākabhattaṃ pakkhikaṃM1.94 uposathikaṃ pāṭipadikan ’’ ti ( cūḷava .325) evaṃ anuññātattāyeva paṇītabhojanaṃ laddhaṃ .
Tathā senāsanaṃ .
Pubbe hi akatapabbhārarukkhamūlādisenāsanāyeva bhikkhū ahesuṃ .
Te ‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , pañca leṇānī ’’ ti ( cūḷava .294) evaṃ bhagavatā anuññātattāyeva vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhāti imāni senāsanāni labhiṃsu .
Pubbe ca muttaharītakeneva bhesajjaṃ akaṃsu .
Te bhagavatāyeva –
‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , pañca bhesajjāni , seyyathidaṃ , sappi , navanītaṃ , telaṃ , madhu , phāṇitan ’’ ti ( mahāva .260) evamādinā nayena anuññātattā nānābhesajjāni labhiṃsu .
Pariyāyāmisampi bhagavatoyeva santakaṃ .
Bhagavatā hi kathitattā yeva jānanti –
‘‘ sampattibhavaṃ patthento dānaṃ datvā sīlaṃ … pe … samāpattiyo nibbattetvā anukkamena pariyāyāmisaṃ dibbasampattiṃ manussasampattiṃ paṭilabhatī ’’ ti .
Tadeva , yasmā nippariyāyadhammopi pariyāyadhammopiV1.98 nippariyāyāmisampi pariyāyāmisampi bhagavatoyeva santakaṃ , tasmā tattha attano sāmibhāvaṃ dassento āha –
‘‘ dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavatha mā āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .
Yo mayhaṃ santako duvidhopi dhammo , tassa dāyādā bhavatha .
Yañca kho etaṃ mayhameva santakaṃ āmisaṃ , tassaP1.91 dāyādā mā bhavatha .
Dhammakoṭṭhāsasseva sāmino bhavatha , mā āmisakoṭṭhāsassa .
Yo hi jinasāsane pabbajitvā paccayaparamo viharati catūsu taṇhuppādesu sandissamāno nikkhittadhuro dhammānudhammappaṭipattiyaṃ , ayaṃ āmisadāyādo nāma .
Tādisā mā bhavatha .
Yo pana anuññātapaccayesu appicchatādīni nissāya paṭisaṅkhā sevamāno paṭipattiparamo viharati catūsu ariyavaṃsesu sandissamāno , ayaṃ dhammadāyādo nāma .
Tādisā bhavathāti vuttaṃ hoti .Idāni yesaṃ tattha etadahosi , bhavissati vā anāgatamaddhānaṃ ‘‘ kiṃ nu kho bhagavā sāvakānaṃ alābhatthiko evamāhā ’’ ti , tesaṃ atipaṇītalābhatthiko ahaṃ evaṃ vadāmīti dassetumāha atthi me tumhesu … pe … no āmisadāyādāti .
Tassāyamattho
M1.95 – atthi me tumhesu anukampā anuddayā hitesitā , kena nu kho kāraṇena kena upāyena sāvakā dhammadāyādā assu dhammakoṭṭhāsasāmino , no āmisadāyādāti .
Ayaṃ pana adhippāyo , passati kira bhagavā āmisagarukānaṃ āmise upakkhalitānaṃ atītakāle tāva kapilassa bhikkhuno ,‘‘ saṅghāṭipi ādittā hotī ’’ tiādinā ( pārā .230; saṃ . ni .2.218) nayena āgatapāpabhikkhubhikkhunīsikkhamānādīnañca anekasatānaṃ apāyaparipūraṇattaṃ attano sāsane pabbajitānañca devadattādīnaṃ .
Dhammagarukānaṃ pana sāriputtamoggallānamahākassapādīnaṃ abhiññāpaṭisambhidādiguṇappaṭilābhaṃ .
Tasmā tesaṃ apāyā parimuttiṃ sabbaguṇasampattiñca icchanto āha –
‘‘ atthi me tumhesu anukampā kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ , no āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .
Paccayagaruko ca catuparisantare kūṭakahāpaṇo viya nibbutaṅgāro viya ca nittejo nippabho hoti .
Tato vivattitacitto dhammagarukoV1.99 tejavā sīhova abhibhuyyacārī , tasmāpi evamāha –
‘‘ atthi me … pe … no āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .Evaṃ ‘‘ dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavatha , mā āmisadāyādā ’’ ti idaṃ anukampāya paṇītataraṃ lābhaṃ icchantena vuttaṃ , no alābhatthikenāti sāvetvā idāni imassa ovādassa akaraṇe ādīnavaṃ dassento āha ‘‘ tumhe ca me , bhikkhave … pe … no dhammadāyādā ’’ ti .
Tattha tumhepi tena
P1.92 ādiyā bhaveyyāthāti tumhepi tena āmisadāyādabhāvena no dhammadāyādabhāvena ādiyā bhaveyyātha .
Apadisitabbā visuṃ kātabbā vavatthapetabbā , viññūhi gārayhā bhaveyyāthāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Kinti ?
Āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti , no dhammadāyādāti .Ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyan ti ahampi tena tumhākaṃ āmisadāyādabhāvena no dhammadāyādabhāvena gārayho bhaveyyaṃ .
Kinti ?
Āmisa … pe … dāyādāti .
Idaṃ bhagavā tesaṃ atīva mudukaraṇatthamāha .
Ayañhi ettha adhippāyo – sace , bhikkhave , tumhe āmisalolā carissatha , tattha viññū maṃ garahissanti ‘‘ kathañhi nāma sabbaññū samāno attano sāvake
M1.96 dhammadāyāde no āmisadāyāde kātuṃ na sakkotī ’’ ti .
Seyyathāpi nāma anākappasampanne bhikkhū disvā ācariyupajjhāye garahanti ‘‘ kassime saddhivihārikā , kassantevāsikā ’’ ti ;
seyyathā vā pana kulakumārake vā kulakumārikāyo vā dussīle pāpadhamme disvā mātāpitaro garahanti ‘‘ kassime puttā , kassa dhītaro ’’ ti ;
evameva maṃ viññū garahissanti ‘‘ kathañhi nāma sabbaññū samāno attano sāvake dhammadāyāde no āmisadāyāde kātuṃ na sakkotī ’’ ti .Evaṃ imassa ovādassa akaraṇe ādīnavaṃ dassetvā karaṇe ānisaṃsaṃ dassento tumhe ca metiādimāha .
Tattha ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyan ti seyyathāpi nāma vattaparipūrake daharabhikkhū uddesaparipucchāsampanne vassasatikatthere viya ākappasampanne disvā , kassa saddhivihārikā , kassantevāsikāti , asukassāti ,‘‘ patirūpaṃ therassa , paṭibalo vata ovadituṃ anusāsitun ’’ ti ācariyupajjhāyā na ādiyā na gārayhā bhavanti , evameva ahampi tena tumhākaṃ dhammadāyādabhāvena no āmisadāyādabhāvena kassa sāvakā nālakapaṭipadaṃ
V1.100 tuvaṭṭakapaṭipadaṃ candūpamapaṭipadaṃ rathavinītapaṭipadaṃ mahāgosiṅgasālapaṭipadaṃ mahāsuññatapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā catupaccayasantosabhāvanārāmaariyavaṃsesu sakkhibhūtā paccayagedhato vivattamānasā abbhā muttacandasamā viharantīti ;
‘‘ samaṇassaP1.93 gotamassā ’’ ti vutte ‘‘ sabbaññū vata bhagavā , asakkhi vata sāvake āmisadāyādapaṭipadaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā dhammadāyādapaṭipattipūrake kātun ’’ ti viññūnaṃ na ādiyo na gārayho bhaveyyanti .
Evamimasmiṃ pade adhippāyaṃ ñatvā sesaṃ kaṇhapakkhe vuttanayapaccanīkena veditabbaṃ .Evaṃ imassa ovādassa karaṇe ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ ovādaṃ niyyātento āha –
‘‘ tasmā tiha me , bhikkhave … pe … no āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .
30. Evamimaṃ ovādaṃ niyyātetvā idāni tassā dhammadāyādapaṭipattiyā paripūrakāriṃ thometuṃ idhāhaṃ , bhikkhavetiādimāha .
Bhagavato hi thomanaṃ sutvāpi hontiyeva tadatthāya paṭipajjitāro .
Tattha
M1.97 idhāti nipātapadametaṃ .
Bhuttāvīti bhuttavā , katabhattakiccoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Pavāritoti yāvadatthapavāraṇāya pavārito , yāvadatthaṃ bhuñjitvā paṭikkhittabhojano tittovāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Catubbidhā hi pavāraṇā vassaṃvuṭṭhapavāraṇā paccayapavāraṇā anatirittapavāraṇā yāvadatthapavāraṇāti .
Tattha ,‘‘ anujānāmi bhikkhave , vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretun ’’ ti ( mahāva .209) ayaṃ vassaṃvuṭṭhapavāraṇā .
‘‘ Icchāmahaṃ , bhante , saṅghaṃ catumāsaṃ bhesajjena pavāretun ’’ ti ( pāci .303) ca ‘‘ aññatra punapavāraṇāya aññatra niccapavāraṇāyā ’’ ti ( pāci .307) ca ayaṃ paccayapavāraṇā .
‘‘ Pavārito nāma asanaṃ paññāyati , bhojanaṃ paññāyati , hatthapāse ṭhito abhiharati , paṭikkhepo paññāyati , eso pavārito nāmā ’’ ti ( pāci .239) ayaṃ anatirittapavāraṇā .
‘‘ Paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresī ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.297,358) ayaṃ yāvadatthapavāraṇā .
Ayamidha adhippetā .
Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ pavāritoti yāvadatthapavāraṇāya pavārito ’’ ti .
Paripuṇṇoti bhojanena paripuṇṇo .
Pariyositoti pariyositabhojano , uttarapadalopo daṭṭhabboV1.101 .
Yāvatakaṃ bhuñjitabbaṃ , tāvatakaṃ bhuttaṃ hoti , avasitā me bhojanakiriyāti attho .
Suhitoti dhāto , jighacchādukkhābhāvena vā sukhitoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yāvadatthoti yāvatakoP1.94 me bhojanena attho , so sabbo pattoti .
Ettha ca purimānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pacchimāni sādhakāni .
Yo hi pariyosito , so bhuttāvī hoti .
Yo ca suhito , so yāvadatthapavāraṇāya pavārito .
Yo yāvadattho , so paripuṇṇoti .
Purimāni vā pacchimānaṃ .
Yasmā hi bhuttāvī , tasmā pariyosito .
Yasmā pavārito , tasmā suhito .
Yasmā paripuṇṇo , tasmā yāvadatthoti .
Sabbañcetaṃ parikappetvā vuttanti veditabbaṃ .Siyāti ekaṃse ca vikappane ca .
‘‘ Pathavīdhātu siyā ajjhattikā , siyā bāhirā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.349) ekaṃse .
‘‘ Siyā aññatarassa bhikkhuno āpatti vītikkamo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.39) vikappane .
Idha ubhayampi vaṭṭati .
Atirekova atirekadhammo .
Tathā chaḍḍanīya dhammo .
Adhiko ca chaḍḍetabbo ca , na aññaṃ kiñci kātabboti
M1.98 attho .Athāti tamhi kāle .
Jighacchādubbalyaparetāti jighacchāya ca dubbalyena ca paretā phuṭṭhā anugatā ca aṭṭhapi dasapi divasāni .
Tattha keci jighacchitāpi na dubbalā honti , sakkonti jighacchaṃ sahituṃ .
Ime pana na tādisāti dassetuṃ ubhayamāha .
Tyāhan ti te ahaṃ .
Sace ākaṅkhathāti yadi icchatha .
Appahariteti apparuḷhaharite , yasmiṃ ṭhāne piṇḍapātajjhottharaṇena vinassanadhammāni tiṇāni natthi , tasminti attho .
Tena nittiṇañca mahātiṇagahanaṃ ca , yattha sakaṭenapi chaḍḍite piṇḍapāte tiṇāni na vinassanti , tañca ṭhānaṃ pariggahitaṃ hoti .
Bhūtagāmasikkhāpadassa hi avikopanatthametaṃ vuttaṃ .
Appāṇaketi nippāṇake piṇḍapātajjhottharaṇena maritabbapāṇakarahite vā mahāudakakkhandhe .
Parittodake eva hi bhattapakkhepena āḷulite sukhumapāṇakā maranti , na mahātaḷākādīsūti .
Pāṇakānurakkhaṇatthañhi etaṃ vuttaṃ .
Opilāpessāmīti nimujjāpessāmi .
Tatrekassāti tesu dvīsu ekassa .
Yo imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ suṭṭhu sutavā punappunaṃ āvajjeti ca
V1.102 , taṃ sandhāyāha vuttaṃ kho panetan ti .
Ayaṃ vutta -saddo kesohāraṇepi dissati ‘‘ kāpaṭiko māṇavo daharo vuttasiro ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.426).
Ropitepi ‘‘ yathā sāradikaṃ bījaṃ , khette vuttaṃ virūhatī ’’ tiādīsuP1.95 ( jā .1.3.31).
Kathitepi ‘‘ vuttamidaṃ bhagavatā , vuttamidaṃ arahatā ’’ tiādīsu .
Idha pana kathite daṭṭhabbo .
Kathitaṃ kho panetanti ayañhissa attho .Āmisaññataran ti catunnaṃ paccayāmisānaṃ aññataraṃ , ekanti attho .
Yadidan ti nipāto , sabbaliṅgavibhattivacanesu tādisova tattha tattha atthato pariṇāmetabbo .
Idha panāssa yo esoti attho .
Yo eso piṇḍapāto nāma .
Idaṃ āmisaññataranti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yaṃnūnāhan ti sādhu vatāhaṃ .
Evan ti yathā idāni imaṃ khaṇaṃ vītināmemi , evameva rattindivaṃ .
Vītināmeyyan ti khepeyyaṃ ativattāpeyyaṃ .
So taṃ piṇḍapātan ti so taṃ sadevakena lokena sirasā sampaṭicchitabbarūpaṃ sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā dhammadāyādabhāvaṃ ākaṅkhamāno
M1.99 ādittasīsūpamaṃ paccavekkhitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya .Atha dutiyassāti imasmiṃ pana vāre esa saṅkhepo , sace so bhikkhu , yaṃnūnāhaṃ … pe … vītināmeyyanti cintento evampi cinteyya , pabbajitena kho vāḷamigākule araññe bhesajjaṃ viya pañcakāmaguṇavāḷākule gāme piṇḍapātopi dukkhaṃ pariyesituṃ .
Ayaṃ pana piṇḍapāto iti pariyesanādīnavavimutto ca sugatātiritto cāti ubhato sujātakhattiyakumāro viya hoti , yehi ca pañcahi kāraṇehi piṇḍapāto na paribhuñjitabbo hoti .
Seyyathidaṃ , puggalaṃ garahitvā na paribhuñjitabbo hoti ‘‘ alajjipuggalassa santako ’’ ti .
Aparisuddhauppattitāya na paribhuñjitabbo hoti ‘‘ bhikkhuniparipācanaasantasambhāvanuppanno ’’ ti .
Sāmikānukampāya na paribhuñjitabbo hoti ‘‘ piṇḍapātasāmiko bhikkhu jighacchito ’’ ti .
So dhāto tasseva antevāsikādīsu anukampāya na paribhuñjitabbo hoti ‘‘ antevāsikā aññe vā tappaṭibaddhā jighacchitā ’’ ti , tepi dhātā suhitā , apica kho assaddhatāya na paribhuñjitabbo hoti ‘‘ piṇḍapātasāmiko bhikkhu assaddho ’’ ti .
Tehi ca kāraṇehi ayaṃ vimutto .
Bhagavā hi lajjīnaṃ aggo , parisuddhuppattiko piṇḍapāto , bhagavā ca dhāto suhito , paccāsīsakopi añño puggalo natthi , ye loke saddhā , bhagavā tesaṃ aggoti evaṃ cintetvā
V1.103 ca so taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā … pe … vītināmeyya .Ettāvatā
P1.96 yopi abhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti , sopi bhuñjitabbakameva piṇḍapātaṃ na bhutto hoti .
Yopi bhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti , sopi bhuñjitabbakameva bhutto hoti .
Natthi piṇḍapāte viseso .
Puggale pana atthi viseso .Tasmā taṃ dassento kiñcāpi sotiādimāha .
Tattha kiñcāpīti anujānanappasaṃsanatthe nipāto .
Kiṃ anujānāti ?
Tassa bhikkhuno taṃ anavajjaparibhogaṃ .
Kiṃ pasaṃsati ?
Bhutvā samaṇadhammakaraṇaṃ .
Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti yadipi so bhikkhu evaṃ bhuñjitabbameva bhuñjitvā kātabbameva kareyya .
Atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhūti yo purimo bhikkhu tampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karoti , soyeva mama dvīsu sūresu sūrataro viya dvīsu paṇḍitesu paṇḍitataro viya ca pujjataro
M1.100 ca pāsaṃsataro ca , dutiyabhikkhuto atirekena pūjanīyo ca pasaṃsanīyo cāti vuttaṃ hoti .Idāni tamatthaṃ kāraṇena sādhento taṃ kissa hetūtiādimāha .
Tassattho , tattha siyā tumhākaṃ , kasmā so bhikkhu bhagavato pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro cāti ?
Tañhi tassāti yasmā taṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkhipanaṃ tassa bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya … pe … vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati .
Kathaṃ ?
Tassa hi sace aparena samayena paccayesu atricchatā vā pāpicchatā vā mahicchatā vā uppajjissati .
Tato naṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭikkhepaṅkusena nivāressati ‘‘ are tvaṃ sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā īdisaṃ icchaṃ uppādesī ’’ ti evaṃ paccavekkhamāno .
Esa nayo asantuṭṭhiyā asaṃlekhassa cuppannassa nivāraṇe .
Evaṃ tāvassa appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā saṃlekhāya saṃvattissati .
Subharatāyāti ettha ayaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā – idhekacco attanopi upaṭṭhākānampi dubbharo hoti dupposo .
Ekacco attanopi upaṭṭhākānampi subharo hoti suposo .
Kathaṃ ?
Yo hi ambilādīni laddhā anambilādīni pariyesati , aññassa ghare laddhaṃ aññassa ghare chaḍḍento sabbaṃ gāmaṃ vicaritvā rittapattova vihāraṃ pavisitvā nipajjati , ayaṃ attano dubbharo .
Yo pana sālimaṃsodanādīnaṃ patte pūretvā dinnepi dummukhabhāvaṃ anattamanabhāvameva ca dasseti , tesaṃ vā sammukhāva taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ ‘‘ kiṃ tumhehi dinnan ’’ ti apasādento
P1.97 sāmaṇeragahaṭṭhādīnampi detiV1.104 , ayaṃ upaṭṭhākānaṃ dubbharo .
Etaṃ disvā manussā dūrato parivajjanti dubbharo bhikkhu na sakkā positunti .
Yo pana yaṃkiñci lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā laddhā tuṭṭhacittova bhuñjitvā vihāraṃ gantvā attano kammaṃ karoti , ayaṃ attano subharo .
Yo ca paresampi appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā lūkhaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā dānaṃ ahīḷetvā attamano vippasannamukho hutvā tesaṃ sammukhāva paribhuñjitvā yāti , ayaṃ upaṭṭhākānaṃ subharo .
Etaṃ disvā manussā ativiya vissatthā honti –
‘‘ amhākaṃ bhadanto subharo thokenapi tussati , mayameva naṃ posissāmā ’’ ti paṭiññaṃ katvā posenti .
Tattha sace aparena samayena assa attano vā upaṭṭhākānaṃ vā dubbharatānayena cittaṃ uppajjissati .
Tato naṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭikkhepaṅkusena nivāressati –
‘‘ are tvaṃ sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā īdisaṃM1.101 cittaṃ uppādesī ’’ ti evaṃ paccavekkhamāno , evamassa subharatāya saṃvattissati .
Sace panassa kosajjaṃ uppajjissati , tampi etenevaṅkusena nivāressati –
‘‘ are tvaṃ nāma tadā sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā tathā jighacchādubbalyaparetopi samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ajja kosajjamanuyuñjasī ’’ ti evaṃ paccavekkhamāno , evamassa vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati .
Evamassa idaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkhipanaṃ dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya … pe … vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati .
Evamassime pañca guṇā paripūrā dasa kathāvatthūni paripūressanti .
Kathaṃ ?
Atra hi pāḷiyaṃyeva appicchatāsantuṭṭhitāvīriyārambhavasena tīṇi āgatāni , sesāni sallekhena saṅgahitāni .
Idañhi sabbakathāvatthūnaṃ nāmameva , yadidaṃ sallekho .
Yathāha –
‘‘ yā ca kho ayaṃ , ānanda , kathā abhisallekhikā cetovinīvaraṇasappāyā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati .
Seyyathidaṃ , appicchakathā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.189,192) vitthāro .
Evaṃ ime pañca guṇā paripūrā dasa kathāvatthūni paripūressanti .
Dasa kathāvatthūni paripūrāni tisso sikkhā paripūressanti .
Kathaṃ ?
Etesu hi appicchakathā santosakathā asaṃsaggakathā sīlakathāti imā catasso kathā adhisīlasikkhāsaṅgahitāyevaP1.98 .
Pavivekakathā vīriyārambhakathā samādhikathāti imā tisso adhicittasikkhasaṅgahitāV1.105 .
Paññākathā vimuttikathā vimuttiñāṇadassanakathāti imā tisso adhipaññāsikkhāsaṅgahitāti .
Evaṃ dasa kathāvatthūni paripūrāni tisso sikkhā paripūressanti .
Tisso sikkhā paripūrā pañca asekkhadhammakkhandhe paripūressanti .
Kathaṃ ?
Paripūrā hi adhisīlasikkhā asekkho sīlakkhandhoyeva hoti , adhicittasikkhā asekkho samādhikkhandho , adhipaññāsikkhā asekkhā paññā-vimutti-vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhā evāti evaṃ tisso sikkhā paripūrā pañca asekkhadhammakkhandhe paripūressanti .
Pañca dhammakkhandhā paripūrā amataṃ nibbānaṃ paripūressanti .
Seyyathāpi uparipabbate pāvussako mahāmegho abhivuṭṭhoM1.102 pabbatakandarasarasākhā paripūreti .
Tā paripūrā kusobbhe , kusobbhā mahāsobbhe , mahāsobbhā kunnadiyo , kunnadiyo mahānadiyo , mahānadiyo mahāsamuddasāgaraṃ paripūrenti ;
evameva tassa bhikkhuno ime pañca guṇā paripūrā dasa kathāvatthuni ādiṃ katvā yāva amataṃ nibbānaṃ paripūressanti .
Evamayaṃ bhikkhu dhammadāyādapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno paramadhammadāyādaṃ labhatīti etamatthaṃ sampassamāno bhagavā ‘‘ taṃ kissa hetu tañhi tassa , bhikkhave , bhikkhuno ’’ tiādimāha .Evaṃ tassa bhikkhuno pujjatarapāsaṃsatarabhāvaṃ kāraṇena sādhetvā idāni te bhikkhū tathattāya sanniyojento tasmā tiha me bhikkhavetiādimāha .
Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti , yasmā yo taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā samaṇadhammaṃ kareyya , so imehi pañcahi mūlaguṇehi paribāhiro .
Yo pana abhuñjitvā kareyya , so imesaṃ bhāgī hoti –
‘‘ tasmā tiha me , bhikkhave … pe … no āmisadāyādā ’’ ti .
Idamavoca bhagavāti idaṃ nidānapariyosānato pabhuti yāva no āmisadāyādāti suttappadesaṃ bhagavā avoca .
Idaṃ vatvāna sugatoti idañca suttappadesaṃ vatvāva sobhanāya paṭipadāya gatattā sugatoti saṅkhaṃ pattoyeva bhagavā .
Uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisī paññattavarabuddhāsanato uṭṭhahitvā vihāraṃ attano mahāgandhakuṭiṃ pāvisi asambhinnāya eva parisāya .
Kasmā
P1.99 dhammathomanatthaṃ .
BuddhāV1.106 kira apariniṭṭhitāya desanāya vihāraṃ pavisantā dvīhi kāraṇehi pavisanti puggalathomanatthaṃ vā dhammathomanatthaṃ vā .
Puggalathomanatthaṃ pavisanto evaṃ cintesi –
‘‘ imaṃ mayā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ , vitthārena avibhattaṃ , dhammapaṭiggāhakā bhikkhū uggahetvā ānandaṃ vā kaccānaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā pucchissanti , te mayhaṃ ñāṇena saṃsandetvā kathessanti , tato dhammapaṭiggāhakā puna maṃ pucchissanti , tesaṃ ahaṃ sukathitaṃ , bhikkhave , ānandena sukathitaṃ kaccānena , maṃ cepi tumhe etamatthaṃ puccheyyātha , ahampi naṃ evameva byākareyyanti evaṃ te puggale thomessāmi , tato tesu gāravaṃ janetvā bhikkhū upasaṅkamissanti , tepi bhikkhū atthe ca dhamme caM1.103 niyojessanti , te tehi niyojitā tisso sikkhā paripūrentā dukkhassantaṃ karissantī ’’ ti .
Dhammathomanatthaṃ pavisanto evaṃ cintesi , yathā idheva cintesi –
‘‘ mayi vihāraṃ paviṭṭhe tameva āmisadāyādaṃ garahanto dhammadāyādañca thomento imissaṃyeva parisati nisinno sāriputto dhammaṃ desessati , evaṃ dvinnampi amhākaṃ ekajjhāsayāya matiyā desitā ayaṃ desanā aggā ca garukā ca bhavissati pāsāṇacchattasadisā .
Caturoghanittharaṇaṭṭhena titthe ṭhapitā nāvā viya maggagamanaṭṭhena catuyuttaājaññaratho viya ca bhavissati .
Yathā ca ‘ evaṃ karontassa ayaṃ daṇḍo ’ ti parisati āṇaṃ ṭhapetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pāsādaṃ āruḷhe rājini tattheva nisinno senāpati taṃ raññā ṭhapitaṃ āṇaṃ pavatteti ;
evampi mayā ṭhapitaṃ desanaṃ imissaṃyeva parisati nisinno sāriputto thometvā desessati , evaṃ dvinnampi amhākaṃ matiyā desitā ayaṃ desanā balavatarā majjhanhikasūriyo viya pajjalissatī ’’ ti .
Evamidha dhammathomanatthaṃ uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi .
Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu bhagavā nisinnāsaneyeva antarahito cittagatiyā vihāraṃ pavisatīti veditabbo .
Yadi hi kāyagatiyā gaccheyya , sabbā parisā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā gaccheyya , sā ekavāraṃ bhinnā puna dussannipātā bhaveyyāti bhagavā cittagatiyā eva pāvisi . 31. Evaṃ
P1.100 paviṭṭhe pana bhagavati bhagavato adhippāyānurūpaṃ taṃ dhammaṃ thometukāmo tatra khoV1.107 āyasmā sāriputto … pe … etadavoca .
Tattha āyasmāti piyavacanametaṃ .
Sāriputtoti tassa therassa nāmaṃ , tañca kho mātito , na pitito .
Rūpasāriyā hi brāhmaṇiyā so putto , tasmā sāriputtoti vuccati .
Acirapakkantassāti pakkantassa sato nacirena .Āvuso , bhikkhaveti ettha pana buddhā bhagavanto sāvake ālapantā bhikkhaveti ālapanti .
Sāvakā pana buddhehi sadisā mā homāti āvusoti paṭhamaṃ vatvā pacchā bhikkhaveti bhaṇanti .
Buddhehi ca ālapito bhikkhusaṅgho bhadanteti paṭivacanaṃ deti , sāvakehi āvusoti .
Kittāvatā
M1.104 nu kho , āvusoti ettha kittāvatāti paricchedavacanaṃ , kittakenāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Nu kāro pucchāyaṃ .
Kho kāro nipātamattaṃ .
Satthu pavivittassa viharatoti , tīhi vivekehi kāyacittaupadhivivekehi satthuno viharantassa .
Vivekaṃ nānusikkhantīti tiṇṇaṃ vivekānaṃ aññatarampi nānusikkhanti , āmisadāyādāva hontīti imamatthaṃ āyasmā sāriputto bhikkhū pucchi .
Esa nayo sukkapakkhepi .Evaṃ vutte tamatthaṃ sotukāmā bhikkhū dūratopi khotiādimāhaṃsu .
Tattha dūratopīti tiroraṭṭhatopi tirojanapadatopi anekayojanagaṇanatopīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Santiketi samīpe .
Aññātun ti jānituṃ bujjhituṃ .
Āyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātūti āyasmatoyeva sāriputtassa bhāgo hotu , āyasmā pana sāriputto attano bhāgaṃ katvā vibhajatūti vuttaṃ hoti .
Āyasmato hi bhāgo yadidaṃ atthakkhānaṃ , amhākaṃ pana savanaṃ bhāgoti ayamettha adhippāyo , evaṃ saddalakkhaṇena sameti .
Keci pana bhaṇanti ‘‘ paṭibhātūti dissatū ’’ ti .
Apare ‘‘ upaṭṭhātū ’’ ti .
Dhāressantīti uggahessanti pariyāpuṇissanti .
Tato nesaṃ kathetukāmo thero tena hītiādimāha .
Tattha tenāti kāraṇavacanaṃ .
Hi kāro nipāto .
Yasmā sotukāmāttha , yasmā ca mayhaṃ bhāraṃ āropayittha , tasmā suṇāthāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Tepi bhikkhū therassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchiṃsu , tenāha ‘‘ evamāvusoti … pe … paccassosun ’’ ti .
Atha nesaṃ , āmisadāyādaṃ garahantena bhagavatā ‘‘ tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyāthā ’’ ti ekenevākārena
P1.101 vuttamatthaṃ tīhi ākārehi dassento āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –‘‘ idhāvuso
V1.108 , satthu pavivittassa viharato … pe … ettāvatā kho , āvuso , satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī ’’ ti .
Ettāvatā yañca bhagavā āmisadāyādapaṭipadaṃ garahanto ‘‘ tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyāthā ’’ ti āha , yañca attanā pucchaṃ pucchi ‘‘ kittāvatā nu kho … pe … nānusikkhantī ’’ ti , tassa vitthārato attho suvibhatto hoti .
So ca kho bhagavato ādiyabhāvaṃ anāmasitvāva .
Bhagavatoyeva hi yuttaṃ sāvake anuggaṇhantassa ‘‘ ahampiM1.105 tena ādiyo bhavissāmī ’’ ti vattuṃ , na sāvakānaṃ .
Esa nayo sukkapakkhepi , ayaṃ tāvettha anusandhikkamayojanā .Ayaṃ panatthavaṇṇanā idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane , satthu pavivittassāti satthuno tīhi vivekehi accantapavivittassa .
Vivekaṃ nānusikkhantīti kāyavivekaṃ nānusikkhanti , na paripūrentīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yadi pana tividhaṃ vivekaṃ sandhāya vadeyya , pucchāya aviseso siyā .
Byākaraṇapakkho hi ayaṃ .
Tasmā iminā padena kāyavivekaṃ ,‘‘ yesañca dhammānan ’’ tiādinā cittavivekaṃ ,‘‘ bāhulikā ’’ tiādinā upadhivivekañca dassetīti evamettha saṅkhepato attho veditabbo .
Yesañca dhammānan ti lobhādayo sandhāyāha , ye parato ‘‘ tatrāvuso lobho ca pāpako ’’ tiādinā nayena vakkhati .
Nappajahantīti na pariccajanti , cittavivekaṃ na paripūrentīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Bāhulikāti cīvarādibāhullāya paṭipannā .
Sāsanaṃ sithilaṃ gaṇhantīti sāthalikā .
Okkamane pubbaṅgamāti ettha okkamanaṃ vuccanti avagamanaṭṭhena pañca nīvaraṇāni , tena pañcanīvaraṇapubbaṅgamāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Paviveketi upadhiviveke nibbāne .
Nikkhittadhurāti oropitadhurā , tadadhigamāya ārambhampi akurumānāti , ettāvatā upadhivivekaṃ na paripūrentīti vuttaṃ hoti .
Ettāvatā aniyameneva vatvā idāni desanaṃ niyamento ‘‘ tatrāvuso ’’ tiādimāha .
Kasmā ?
Sāvakā ‘‘ tīhi ṭhānehī ’’ ti evañhi aniyametvāva vuccamāne ‘‘ kampi maññe bhaṇati
V1.109 , na amhe ’’ ti udāsināpi honti .
‘‘ Therā navā majjhimā ’’ ti evaṃ pana niyametvā vuccamāne amhe bhaṇatīti ādaraṃ karontiP1.102 .
Yathā raññā ‘‘ amaccehi nagaravīthiyo sodhetabbā ’’ ti vuttepi ‘‘ kena nu kho sodhetabbā ’’ ti maññamānā na sodhenti , attano attano gharadvāraṃ sodhetabbanti pana bheriyā nikkhantāya sabbe muhuttena sodhenti ca alaṅkaronti ca , evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ .
Tattha tatrāti tesu sāvakesu .
Therāti dasavasse upādāya vuccanti .
Tīhi ṭhānehīti tīhi kāraṇehi .
Ayañhi ṭhānasaddo issariyaṭṭhitikhaṇakāraṇesu dissati .
‘‘ Kiṃ panāyasmā devānamindo kammaṃ katvāM1.106 imaṃ ṭhānaṃ patto ’’ tiādīsu hi issariye dissati .
‘‘ Ṭhānakusalo hoti akkhaṇavedhī ’’ tiādīsu ṭhitiyaṃ .
‘‘ Ṭhānasovetaṃ tathāgataṃ paṭibhātī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.87) khaṇe .
‘‘ Ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato ’’ tiādīsu ( vibha .809; ma . ni .1.148) kāraṇe .
Idha pana kāraṇeyeva .
Kāraṇañhi yasmā tattha phalaṃ tiṭṭhati tadāyattavuttibhāvena , tasmā ṭhānanti vuccati .Iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhāti ettha gārayhāti garahitabbā .
Therā nāma samānā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni na upenti , gāmantasenāsanaṃ na muñcanti , saṅgaṇikārāmataṃ vaḍḍhentā viharanti , kāyavivekampi na paripūrenti , navamajjhimakāle kīdisā ahesunti evaṃ ninditabbā honti , imaṃ nindaṃ āvuso labhantīti dasseti .
Dutiyena ṭhānenāti etthāpi ime nāma āvuso therāpi samānā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha , te lobhādidhamme na jahanti , accharāsaṅghātamattampi ekamantaṃ nisīditvā cittekaggataṃ na labhanti , navamajjhimakāle kīdisā ahesunti evaṃ ninditabbā honti , imaṃ nindaṃ āvuso labhantīti dassetīti evaṃ yojanā kātabbā .
Tatiyena ṭhānenāti etthāpi ime nāmāvuso , therāpi samānā itarītarena na yāpenti , cīvarapattasenāsanapūtikāyamaṇḍanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti upadhivivekaṃ apūrayamānā , navamajjhimakāle kīdisā ahesunti evaṃ ninditabbā honti , imaṃ nindaṃ , āvuso , labhantīti dassetīti evaṃ yojanā veditabbā .
Esa nayo majjhimanavavāresu .
Ayaṃ pana viseso .
Majjhimāti pañcavasse upādāya yāva nava vassā vuccanti .
Navāti
V1.110 ūnapañcavassā vuccanti .
Yathā ca tattha navamajjhimakāle kīdisā ahesunti vuttaṃ , evamidhaP1.103 navakāle kīdisā ahesuṃ , therakāle kīdisā bhavissanti , majjhimatherakāle kīdisā bhavissantīti vatvā yojetabbaṃ . 32. Imasmiñca kaṇhapakkhe vuttapaccanīkanayena sukkapakkhe attho veditabbo .
Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo .
Ime vata therāpi samānā yojanaparamparāya araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni sevanti , gāmantasenāsanaṃ upagantuṃ yuttakālepi na upagacchanti , evaṃ jiṇṇasarīrāpi āraddhavīriyā
M1.107 paccayadāyakānaṃ pasādaṃ janenti , navamajjhimakāle kīdisā ahesunti iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā pāsaṃsā bhavanti , pasaṃsaṃ labhanti .Lobhādayo pahāya cittavivekaṃ pūrenti , ayampi mahāthero saddhivihārikaantevāsikaparivārito hutvā nisīdituṃ yuttakālepi īdisepi vaye vattamāne bhattakiccaṃ katvā paviṭṭho sāyaṃ nikkhamati , sāyaṃ paviṭṭho pāto nikkhamati , kasiṇaparikammaṃ karoti , samāpattiyo nibbatteti , maggaphalāni adhigacchati , sabbathāpi cittavivekaṃ pūretīti iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti , pasaṃsaṃ labhanti .
Yasmiṃ kāle therassa paṭṭadukūlakoseyyādīni sukhasamphassāni lahucīvarādīni yuttāni , tasmimpi nāma kāle ayaṃ mahāthero paṃsukūlāni dhāreti , asithilaṃ sāsanaṃ gahetvā vigatanīvaraṇo phalasamāpattiṃ appetvā upadhivivekaṃ paripūrayamāno viharati , navamajjhimakāle kīdiso ahosīti iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā pāsaṃsā bhavanti , pasaṃsaṃ labhantīti .
Esa nayo majjhimanavavāresu .
33. Tatrāvusoti ko anusandhi , evaṃ navahākārehi āmisadāyādapaṭipadaṃ garahanto , navahi dhammadāyādapaṭipadaṃ thomento , aṭṭhārasahākārehi desanaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā , ye te ‘‘ yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha , te ca dhamme na pajahantī ’’ ti evaṃ pahātabbadhammā vuttā .
Te sarūpato ‘‘ ime te ’’ ti dassetumidaṃ ‘‘ tatrāvuso , lobho cā ’’ tiādimāha , ayaṃ anusandhi .
Apica heṭṭhā pariyāyeneva dhammo kathito .
Āmisaṃ pana pariyāyenapi nippariyāyenapi kathitaṃ .
Idāni nippariyāyadhammaṃ lokuttaramaggaṃ kathetumidamāha .
Ayaṃ pettha anusandhi .
Tattha
V1.111 tatrāti atītadesanānidassanaṃ ,‘‘ satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī ’’ tiādinā nayena vuttadesanāyanti vuttaṃ hoti .
Lobho ca pāpako , doso ca pāpakoti ime dve dhammā pāpakā lāmakā , ime pahātabbātiP1.104 dasseti .
Tattha lubbhanalakkhaṇo lobho .
Dussanalakkhaṇo doso .
Tesu lobho āmisadāyādassa paccayānaṃ lābhe hoti , doso alābhe .
LobhenaM1.108 aladdhaṃ pattheti , dosena alabhanto vighātavā hoti .
Lobho ca deyyadhamme hoti , doso adāyake vā amanuññadāyake vā .
Lobhena navataṇhāmūlake dhamme paripūreti , dosena pañca macchariyāni .Idāni tesaṃ pahānūpāyaṃ dassento lobhassa ca pahānāyātiādimāha .
Tassattho , tassa pana pāpakassa lobhassa ca dosassa ca pahānāya .
Atthi majjhimā paṭipadāti maggaṃ sandhāya idaṃ vuttaṃ .
Maggo hi lobho eko anto , doso eko antoti ete dve ante na upeti , na upagacchati , vimutto etehi antehi , tasmā ‘‘ majjhimā paṭipadā ’’ ti vuccati .
Etesaṃ majjhe bhavattā ‘‘ majjhimā , paṭipajjitabbato ca paṭipadāti .
Tathā kāmasukhallikānuyogo eko anto , attakilamathānuyogo eko anto , sassataṃ eko anto , ucchedo eko antoti purimanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ .
Cakkhukaraṇītiādīhi pana tameva paṭipadaṃ thometi .
Sā hi saccānaṃ dassanāya saṃvattati dassanapariṇāyakaṭṭhenāti cakkhukaraṇī .
Saccānaṃ ñāṇāya saṃvattati viditakaraṇaṭṭhenāti ñāṇakaraṇī .
Rāgādīnañca vūpasamanato upasamāya saṃvattati .
Catunnampi saccānaṃ abhiññeyyabhāvadassanato abhiññāya saṃvattati .
Sambodhoti maggo , tassatthāya saṃvattanato sambodhāya saṃvattati .
Maggoyeva hi maggatthāya saṃvattati maggena kātabbakiccakaraṇato .
Nibbānaṃ nāma appaccayaṃ tassa pana sacchikiriyāya paccakkhakammāya saṃvattanato nibbānāya saṃvattatīti vuccati .
Ayamettha sāro .
Ito aññathā vaṇṇanā papañcā .
Idāni taṃ majjhimaṃ paṭipadaṃ sarūpato dassetukāmo ‘‘ katamā ca sā ’’ ti pucchitvā ‘‘ ayamevā ’’ tiādinā nayena vissajjeti .
Tattha
V1.112 ayamevāti avadhāraṇavacanaṃ , aññamaggappaṭisedhanatthaṃ , buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthañca .
Vuttañcetaṃ ‘‘ esevaP1.105 maggo natthañño dassanassa visuddhiyā ’’ ti ( dha . pa .274).
Svāyaṃ kilesānaṃ ārakattāpi ariyo .
Aripahānāya saṃvattatītipi ariyena desitotipi ariyabhāvappaṭilābhāya saṃvattatītipi ariyo .
Aṭṭhahi aṅgehi upetattāM1.109 aṭṭhaṅgiko , na ca aṅgavinimutto pañcaṅgikatūriyādīni viya .
Kilese mārento gacchati , maggati vā nibbānaṃ , maggīyati vā nibbānatthikehi , gammati vā tehi paṭipajjīyatīti maggo .
Seyyathidan ti nipāto , tassa katamo so iti ceti attho , katamāni vā tāni aṭṭhaṅgānīti .
Ekamekañhi aṅgaṃ maggoyeva .
Yathāha ‘‘ sammādiṭṭhi maggo ceva hetu cā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1039).
Porāṇāpi bhaṇanti –
‘‘ dassanamaggo sammādiṭṭhi , abhiniropanamaggo sammāsaṅkappo … pe … avikkhepamaggo sammāsamādhī ’’ ti .
Sammādiṭṭhādīsu cetesu sammā dassanalakkhaṇā sammādiṭṭhi .
Sammā abhiniropanalakkhaṇo sammāsaṅkappo .
Sammā pariggahalakkhaṇā sammāvācā .
Sammā samuṭṭhānalakkhaṇo sammākammanto .
Sammā vodānalakkhaṇo sammāājīvo .
Sammā paggahalakkhaṇo sammāvāyāmo .
Sammā upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇā sammāsati .
Sammā samādhānalakkhaṇo sammāsamādhi .
Nibbacanampi nesaṃ sammā passatīti sammādiṭṭhīti eteneva nayena veditabbaṃ .
Tattha sammādiṭṭhi uppajjamānā micchādiṭṭhiṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca avijjañca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca passati , te ca kho asammohato , no ārammaṇato , tasmā ‘‘ sammādiṭṭhī ’’ ti vuccati .
Sammāsaṅkappo micchāsaṅkappaṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā abhiniropeti , tasmā ‘‘ sammāsaṅkappo ’’ ti vuccati .
Sammāvācā micchāvācaṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā pariggaṇhāti , tasmā ‘‘ sammāvācā ’’ ti vuccati .
SammākammantoV1.113 micchākammantaṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammāP1.106 samuṭṭhāpeti , tasmā ‘‘ sammākammanto ’’ ti vuccati .
SammāājīvoM1.110 micchāājīvaṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā vodāpeti , tasmā ‘‘ sammāājīvo ’’ ti vuccati .
Sammāvāyāmo micchāvāyāmaṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca kosajjañca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā paggaṇhāti , tasmā ‘‘ sammāvāyāmo ’’ ti vuccati .
Sammāsati micchāsatiṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā upaṭṭhāpeti , tasmā ‘‘ sammāsatī ’’ ti vuccati .
Sammāsamādhi micchāsamādhiṃ tappaccanīyakilese ca uddhaccañca pajahati , nibbānañca ārammaṇaṃ karoti , sampayuttadhamme ca sammā samādhiyati , tasmā ‘‘ sammāsamādhī ’’ ti vuccati .Idāni ayaṃ kho sā , āvusoti tameva paṭipadaṃ nigamento āha .
Tassattho , yvāyaṃ cattāropi lokuttaramagge ekato katvā kathito ‘‘ aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo ’’, ayaṃ kho sā , āvuso … pe … nibbānāya saṃvattatīti .
Evaṃ pahātabbadhammesu lobhadose tappahānupāyañca dassetvā idāni aññepi pahātabbadhamme tesaṃ pahānupāyañca dassento tatrāvuso , kodho cātiādimāha .
Tattha kujjhanalakkhaṇo kodho , caṇḍikkalakkhaṇo vā , āghātakaraṇaraso , dussanapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Upanandhanalakkhaṇo upanāho , vera appaṭinissajjanaraso , kodhānupabandhabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Vuttañcetaṃ –
‘‘ pubbakāle kodho , aparakāle upanāho ’’ tiādi ( vibha .891).
Paraguṇamakkhanalakkhaṇo makkho , tesaṃ vināsanaraso , tadavacchādanapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Yugaggāhalakkhaṇo
V1.114 paḷāso , paraguṇehi attano guṇānaṃ samīkaraṇaraso , paresaṃ guṇappamāṇena upaṭṭhānapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Parasampattikhīyanalakkhaṇā issā , tassā akkhamanalakkhaṇā vā , tattha anabhiratirasā , tato vimukhabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā .
Attano sampattinigūhanalakkhaṇaṃM1.111 maccheraṃ , attano sampattiyā parehi sādhāraṇabhāvaasukhāyanarasaṃ , saṅkocanapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
Katapāpapaṭicchādanalakkhaṇā māyā , tassa nigūhanarasā , tadāvaraṇapaccupaṭṭhānā .
Attano avijjamānaguṇapakāsanalakkhaṇaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ , tesaṃ samudāharaṇarasaṃ , sarīrākārehipi tesaṃ vibhūtakaraṇapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ .
Cittassa uddhumātabhāvalakkhaṇoP1.107 thambho , appatissayavuttiraso , amaddavatāpaccupaṭṭhāno .
Karaṇuttariyalakkhaṇo sārambho , vipaccanīkatāraso , agāravapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Uṇṇatilakkhaṇo māno , ahaṃkāraraso , uddhumātabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Abbhuṇṇatilakkhaṇo atimāno , ativiya ahaṅkāraraso .
Accuddhumātabhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Mattabhāvalakkhaṇo mado , madaggāhaṇaraso , ummādapaccupaṭṭhāno .
Pañcasu kāmaguṇesu cittavossaggalakkhaṇo pamādo , vossaggānuppadānaraso , sativippavāsapaccupaṭṭhānoti evaṃ imesaṃ dhammānaṃ lakkhaṇādīni veditabbāni .
Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana ‘‘ tattha katamo kodho ’’ tiādinā vibhaṅge ( vibha .891) vuttanayeneva veditabbo .
Visesato cettha āmisadāyādo attanā alabhanto aññassa lābhino kujjhati , tassa sakiṃ uppanno kodho kodho yeva , tatuttari upanāho .
So evaṃ kuddho upanayhanto ca santepi aññassa lābhino guṇe makkheti , ahampi tādisoti ca yugaggāhaṃ gaṇhāti , ayamassa makkho ca paḷāso ca , evaṃ makkhī paḷāsī tassa lābhasakkārādīsu kiṃ imassa imināti issati padussati , ayamassa issā .
Sace panassa kāci sampatti hoti , tassā tena sādhāraṇabhāvaṃV1.115 na sahati , idamassa maccheraṃ .
Lābhahetu kho pana attano santepi dose paṭicchādeti , ayamassa māyā .
Asantepi guṇe pakāseti .
Idamassa sāṭheyyaṃ .
So evaṃ paṭipanno sace yathādhippāyaṃ lābhaṃ labhati , tena thaddho hoti amuducitto , nayidaṃ evaṃ kātabbanti ovadituṃ asakkuṇeyyo , ayamassa thambho .
Sace pana naṃ koci kiñci vadati ‘‘ nayidaṃ evaṃ kātabban ’’ ti , tena sāraddhacitto hoti bhākuṭikamukho ‘‘ ko meM1.112 tvan ’’ ti pasayha bhāṇī , ayamassa sārambho .
Tato thambhena ‘‘ ahameva seyyo ’’ ti attānaṃ maññanto mānī hoti .
Sārambhena ‘‘ ke ime ’’ ti pare atimaññanto atimānī , ayamassa māno ca atimāno ca .
So tehi mānātimānehi jātimadādianekarūpaṃ madaṃ janeti .
Matto samāno kāmaguṇādibhedesu vatthūsu pamajjati , ayamassa mado ca pamādo cāti .
Evaṃ āmisadāyādo aparimutto hoti imehi pāpakehi dhammehi aññehi ca evarūpehi .
Evaṃ tāvettha pahātabbadhammā veditabbā .Pahānupāyo
P1.108 pāṭhato ca atthato ca sabbattha nibbisesoyeva .
Ñāṇaparicayapāṭavatthaṃ panettha ayaṃ bhedo ca kamo ca bhāvanānayo ca veditabbo .
Tattha bhedo tāva , ayañhi majjhimā paṭipadā kadāci ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo hoti , kadāci sattaṅgiko .
Ayañhi lokuttarapaṭhamajjhānavasena uppajjamāno aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo hoti , avasesajjhānavasena sattaṅgiko .
Ukkaṭṭhaniddesato panidha aṭṭhaṅgikoti vutto .
Ito parañhi maggaṅgaṃ natthi .
Evaṃ tāvettha bhedo veditabbo .
Yasmā pana sabbakusalānaṃ sammādiṭṭhi seṭṭhā , yathāha ‘‘ paññā hi seṭṭhā kusalā vadantī ’’ ti ( jā .2.17.81).
Kusalavāre ca pubbaṅgamā , yathāha ‘‘ kathañca , bhikkhave , sammādiṭṭhi pubbaṅgamā hoti , sammādiṭṭhiṃ sammādiṭṭhīti pajānāti , micchādiṭṭhiṃ micchādiṭṭhīti pajānātī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.136) vitthāro .
Yathā cāha ‘‘ vijjā ca kho , bhikkhave , pubbaṅgamā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā ’’ ti .
Tappabhavābhinibbattāni sesaṅgāni , yathāha ‘‘ sammādiṭṭhissa sammāsaṅkappo pahoti … pe … sammāsatissa sammāsamādhi pahotī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.141).
TasmāV1.116 iminā kamena etāni aṅgāni vuttānīti evamettha kamo veditabbo .
Bhāvanānayoti koci samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāveti , koci vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ .
Kathaṃ ?
Idhekacco paṭhamaṃ upacārasamādhiṃ vā appanāsamādhiṃ vā uppādeti , ayaṃ samatho ;
so tañca taṃsampayutte ca dhamme aniccādīhi vipassati , ayaṃ vipassanā .
Iti paṭhamaṃ samatho , pacchā vipassanā .
Tena vuccati ‘‘ samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvetī ’’ ti .
Tassa samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati , so taṃ maggaṃ āsevatiM1.113 bhāveti bahulīkaroti , tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato bhāvayato bahulīkaroto saṃyojanāni pahīyanti , anusayā byantīhonti , evaṃ samathapubbaṅgamaṃ vipassanaṃ bhāveti .
Idha panekacco vuttappakāraṃ samathaṃ anuppādetvāva pañcupādānakkhandhe aniccādīhi vipassati , ayaṃP1.109 vipassanā .
Tassa vipassanāpāripūriyā tattha jātānaṃ dhammānaṃ vossaggārammaṇato uppajjati cittassa ekaggatā , ayaṃ samatho .
Iti paṭhamaṃ vipassanā pacchā samatho .
Tena vuccati ‘‘ vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāvetī ’’ ti .
Tassa vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāvayato maggo sañjāyati , so taṃ maggaṃ āsevati … pe … bahulīkaroti , tassa taṃ maggaṃ āsevato … pe … anusayā byantīhonti ( a . ni .4.170; paṭi . ma .2.1), evaṃ vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāveti .
Samathapubbaṅgamaṃ pana vipassanaṃ bhāvayatopi vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ samathaṃ bhāvayatopi lokuttaramaggakkhaṇe samathavipassanā yuganaddhāva honti .
Evamettha bhāvanānayo veditabboti .Papañcasūdaniyā majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya
Dhammadāyādasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .