Dhammacakkappavattanasuttavaṇṇanā

13. Dveme , bhikkhave , antāti dve ime , bhikkhave , koṭṭhāsā , dve bhāgāti attho .

Bhāgavacano hettha anta-saddo ‘‘ pubbante ñāṇaṃ aparante ñāṇan ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . sa .1063) viya .

Imassa pana padassa uccāraṇasamakālaṃ pavattanigghoso buddhānubhāvena heṭṭhā avīciṃ upari bhavaggaṃ patvā dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi .

Tasmiṃyeva samaye paripakkakusalamūlā saccābhisambodhāya katādhikārā aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā brahmāno samāgacchiṃsu .

Pacchimadisāya sūriyo atthameti , pācīnadisāya āsāḷhanakkhattena yutto puṇṇacando uggacchati .

Tasmiṃ samaye bhagavāM3.169 dhammacakkappavattanasuttaṃ ārabhanto ‘‘ dveme , bhikkhave , antā ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha pabbajitenāti gihibandhanaṃ chetvā pabbajjupagatena .

Na sevitabbāti na vaḷañjetabbā nānuyuñjitabbā .

Yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogoti yo ca ayaṃ vatthukāmesu kilesakāmasukhassa anuyogo , kilesakāmasaṃyuttassa sukhassa anugatoti attho .

Hīnoti lāmako .

Gammoti gāmavāsīnaṃ santako tehi sevitabbatāya .

Pothujjanikoti puthujjanena andhabālajanena āciṇṇo .

Anariyoti na ariyo na visuddho na uttamo , na vā ariyānaṃ santako .

Anatthasaṃhitoti na atthasaṃhito , hitasukhāvahakāraṇaṃ anissitoti attho .

Attakilamathānuyogoti attano kilamathassa anuyogo , dukkhakaraṇaṃ dukkhuppādananti attho .

DukkhotiV3.155 kaṇṭakāpassayaseyyādīhi attabādhanehi dukkhāvaho .

Majjhimā paṭipadāti ariyamaggaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ .

Maggo hi kāmasukhallikānuyogo eko anto , attakilamathānuyogo eko anto , ete dve ante na upeti na upagacchati , vimutto etehi antehi , tasmā ‘‘ majjhimā paṭipadā ’’ ti vuccati .

Etesaṃ majjhe bhavattā majjhimā , vaṭṭadukkhanissaraṇatthikehi paṭipajjitabbato ca paṭipadāti , tathā lobho eko anto , doso eko anto .

Sassataṃ ekaṃ antaṃ , ucchedo eko antoti purimanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ .

Cakkhukaraṇītiādīhi tameva paṭipadaṃ thometi .

Paññācakkhuṃ karotīti cakkhukaraṇī .

Sā hi catunnaṃ saccānaṃ dassanāya saṃvattati pariññābhisamayādibhedassa dassanassa pavattanaṭṭhenāti ‘‘ cakkhukaraṇī ’’ ti vuccati .

Tayidaṃ satipi paṭipadāya anaññatte avayavavasena sijjhamāno attho samudāyena kato nāma hotīti upacāravasena vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Dutiyapadaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ .

Upasamāyāti kilesupasamatthāya .

Abhiññāyāti catunnaṃ saccānaṃ abhijānanatthāya .

Sambodhāyāti tesaṃyeva sambujjhanatthāya .

Nibbānāyāti nibbānasacchikiriyāya .

Atha vā nibbānāyāti anupādisesanibbānāya .

‘‘ Upasamāyā ’’ ti hi iminā saupādisesanibbānaṃ gahitaṃ .

IdāniM3.170 taṃ majjhimappaṭipadaṃ sarūpato dassetukāmo ‘‘ katamā ca sā ’’ ti pucchitvā ‘‘ ayamevā ’’ tiādinā nayena vissajjesi .

Tattha ayamevāti avadhāraṇavacanaṃ aññassa nibbānagāmimaggassa atthibhāvapaṭisedhanatthaṃ .

Sattāpaṭikkhepo hi idha paṭisedhanaṃ alabbhamānattā aññassa maggassa .

Ariyoti kilesānaṃ ārakattā ariyo niruttinayena .

Aripahānāya saṃvattatītipi ariyo arayo pāpadhammā yanti apagacchanti etenāti katvā .

Ariyena bhagavatā desitattā ariyassa ayantipi ariyo , ariyabhāvappaṭilābhāya saṃvattatītipi ariyo .

Ettha pana ariyakaro ariyotipi uttarapadalopena ariya-saddasiddhi veditabbā .

Aṭṭhahi aṅgehi upetattā aṭṭhaṅgiko .

Maggaṅgasamudāye hi maggavohāro , samudāyo ca samudāyīhi samannāgato nāma hoti .

Ayaṃ panettha vacanattho – attano avayavabhūtāni aṭṭhaṅgāni etassa santīti aṭṭhaṅgikoti .

Paramatthato pana aṅgāniyeva maggo pañcaṅgikatūriyādīni viya , na ca aṅgavinimutto chaḷaṅgo vedo viya .

Kilese mārento gacchatīti maggo niruttinayena , nibbānaṃ maggati gavesatīti vā maggo .

Ariyamaggo hi nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karonto gavesanto viya hoti .

Nibbānatthikehi maggīyatīti vā maggo vivaṭṭūpanissayapuññakaraṇatoV3.156 paṭṭhāya tadatthapaṭipattito .

Gammati vā tehi paṭipajjīyatīti maggo .

Ettha pana ādiantavipariyāyena saddasiddhi veditabbā .

Seyyathidan ti nipāto , tassa katamo so iti ceti attho , katamāni vā tāni aṭṭhaṅgānīti .

Sabbaliṅgavibhattivacanasādhāraṇo hi ayaṃ nipāto .

Ekamekampi aṅgaṃ maggoyeva .

Yathāha ‘‘ sammādiṭṭhi maggo ceva hetu cā ’’ ti ( dha . sa .1039).

Porāṇāpi bhaṇanti ‘‘ dassanamaggo sammādiṭṭhi , abhiniropanamaggo sammāsaṅkappo … pe … avikkhepamaggo sammāsamādhī ’’ ti .

Nanu ca aṅgāni samuditāni maggo antamaso sattaṅgavikalassa ariyamaggassa abhāvatoti ?

Saccametaṃ saccasampaṭivedhe , maggappaccayatāya pana yathāsakaṃ kiccakaraṇena paccekampi tāni maggoyeva , aññathā samuditānampi tesaṃ maggakiccaṃ na sambhaveyyāti .

Sammādiṭṭhiādīsu sammā passatīti sammādiṭṭhi , sammā saṅkappeti sampayuttadhammeM3.171 nibbānasaṅkhāte ārammaṇe abhiniropetīti sammāsaṅkappo , sammā vadati etāyāti sammāvācā , sammā karoti etenāti sammākammaṃ , tadeva sammākammanto , sammā ājīvati etenāti sammāājīvo , sammā vāyamati ussahatīti sammāvāyāmo , sammā sarati anussaratīti sammāsati , sammā samādhiyati cittaṃ etenāti sammāsamādhīti evaṃ nibbacanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Idāni ayaṃ kho sā bhikkhaveti tameva paṭipadaṃ nigamento āha .

Tassattho – yvāyaṃ cattāropi lokuttaramagge ekato katvā kathito aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo , ayaṃ kho sā bhikkhave … pe … nibbānāya saṃvattatīti .

14. Evaṃ majjhimapaṭipadaṃ sarūpato dassetvā idāni cattāri ariyasaccāni dassetuṃ ‘‘ idaṃ kho pana , bhikkhave ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha ( visuddhi .2.530) dukkhan ti ettha du -iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati .

Kucchitañhi puttaṃ ‘‘ duputto ’’ ti vadanti , khaṃ -saddo pana tucche .

Tucchañhi ākāsaṃ ‘‘ khan ’’ ti vuccati .

Idañca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekaupaddavādhiṭṭhānato , tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato , tasmā kucchitattā tucchattā ca ‘‘ dukkhan ’’ ti vuccati .

Yasmā panetaṃ buddhādayo ariyā paṭivijjhanti , tasmā ‘‘ ariyasaccan ’’ ti vuccati .

Ariyapaṭivijjhitabbañhi saccaṃ purimapade uttarapadalopena ‘‘ ariyasaccan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Ariyassa tathāgatassa saccantipi ariyasaccaṃ .

Tathāgatena hi sayaṃ adhigatattā paveditattā tato eva ca aññehi adhigamanīyattā taṃ tassa hotīti .

Atha vā etassa abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhito ariyasādhakaṃ saccantipi ariyasaccaṃ pubbe viya uttarapadalopenaV3.157 .

Avitathabhāvena vā araṇīyattā adhigantabbattā ariyaṃ saccantipi ariyasaccaṃ .

Saccatthaṃ pana catunnampi saccānaṃ parato ekajjhaṃ dassayissāma .

Idāni taṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ sarūpato dassetuṃ ‘‘ jātipi dukkhā ’’ tiādimāha .

Tatrāyaṃ jāti -saddo anekattho .

Tathā hesa ‘‘ ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.31; ma . ni .1.148) ettha bhave āgato .

‘‘ Atthi , visākhe , nigaṇṭhā nāma samaṇajātī ’’ ti ( a . ni .3.71) ettha nikāye .

‘‘ Jāti dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitā ’’ ti ( dhātu .71) ettha saṅkhatalakkhaṇe .

‘‘ Yaṃ mātukucchismiṃ paṭhamaṃ cittaṃM3.172 uppannaṃ paṭhamaṃ viññāṇaṃ pātubhūtaṃ , tadupādāya sāvassa jātī ’’ ti ( mahāva .124) ettha paṭisandhiyaṃ .

‘‘ Sampatijāto , ānanda , bodhisatto ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.31; ma . ni .3.207) ettha pasūtiyaṃ .

‘‘ Akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādenā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .1.303) ettha kule .

Svāyamidha gabbhaseyyakānaṃ paṭisandhito paṭṭhāya yāva mātukucchimhā nikkhamanaṃ , tāva pavattesu khandhesu , itaresaṃ paṭisandhikkhaṇesvevāti daṭṭhabbo .

Ayampi ca pariyāyakathāva , nippariyāyato pana tattha tattha nibbattamānānaṃ sattānaṃ ye khandhā pātubhavanti , tesaṃ paṭhamapātubhāvo jāti nāma .

Kasmā panesā dukkhāti ce ?

Anekesaṃ dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvato .

Anekāni hi dukkhāni .

Seyyathidaṃ – dukkhadukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ saṅkhāradukkhaṃ paṭicchannadukkhaṃ appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ pariyāyadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhanti .

Tattha kāyikacetasikā dukkhā vedanā sabhāvato ca nāmato ca dukkhattā dukkhadukkhan ti vuccati .

Sukhā vedanā vipariṇāmadukkhuppattihetuto vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ .

Upekkhā vedanā ceva sesā ca tebhūmakā saṅkhārā udayabbayapīḷitattā saṅkhāradukkhaṃ .

Kaṇṇasūladantasūlarāgajapariḷāhadosajapariḷāhādikāyikacetasikā ābādhā pucchitvā jānitabbato upakkamassa ca apākaṭabhāvato paṭicchannadukkhaṃ .

Dvattiṃsakammakāraṇādisamuṭṭhāno ābādho apucchitvāva jānitabbato upakkamassa ca pākaṭabhāvato appaṭicchannadukkhaṃ .

Ṭhapetvā dukkhadukkhaṃ sesadukkhaṃ saccavibhaṅge āgataṃ jātiādi sabbampi tassa tassa dukkhassa vatthubhāvato pariyāyadukkhaṃ .

Dukkhadukkhaṃ pana nippariyāyadukkhan ti vuccati .

Tatrāyaṃ jāti yaṃ taṃ bālapaṇḍitasuttā dīsu ( ma . ni .3.246 ādayo ) bhagavatāpi upamāvasena pakāsitaṃ āpāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ , yañca sugatiyampi manussaloke gabbhokkantimūlakādibhedaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati , tassa vatthubhāvato dukkhā .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ JāyethaV3.158 no ce narakesu satto ;

Tatthaggidāhādikamappasayhaṃ ;

Labhetha dukkhaṃ na kuhiṃ patiṭṭhaṃ ;

Iccāha dukkhāti munīdha jātiṃ .

‘‘ DukkhaṃM3.173 tiracchesu kasāpatoda-

Daṇḍābhighātādibhavaṃ anekaṃ ;

Yaṃ taṃ kathaṃ tattha bhaveyya jātiṃ ;

Vinā tahiṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā .

‘‘ Petesu dukkhaṃ pana khuppipāsā-

Vātātapādippabhavaṃ vicittaṃ ;

Yasmā ajātassa na tattha atthi ;

Tasmāpi dukkhaṃ muni jātimāha .

‘‘ Tibbandhakāre ca asayha sīte ;

Lokantare yaṃ asuresu dukkhaṃ ;

Na taṃ bhave tattha na cassa jāti ;

Yato ayaṃ jāti tatopi dukkhā .

‘‘ Yañcāpi gūthanarake viya mātu gabbhe ;

Satto vasaṃ ciramato bahi nikkhamañca ;

Pappoti dukkhamatighoramidampi natthi ;

Jātiṃ vinā itipi jāti ayañhi dukkhā .

‘‘ Kiṃ bhāsitena bahunā nanu yaṃ kuhiñci ;

Atthīdha kiñcidapi dukkhamidaṃ kadāci ;

Nevatthi jātivirahena yato mahesi ;

Dukkhāti sabbapaṭhamaṃ imamāha jātin ’’ ti .( visuddhi .2.541; vibha . aṭṭha .191; mahāni . aṭṭha .5; paṭi . ma . aṭṭha .1.1.32-33);

JarāpiV3.159 dukkhāti ettha pana duvidhā jarā saṅkhatalakkhaṇañca khaṇḍiccādisammato santatiyaṃ ekabhavapariyāpannakkhandhapurāṇabhāvo ca , sā idha adhippetā .

Sā panesā jarā saṅkhāradukkhabhāvato ceva dukkhavatthuto ca dukkhā .

Yañhi aṅgapaccaṅgasithilabhāvaindriyavikāravirūpatāyobbanavināsavīriyāvisādasatimativippavāsaparaparibhavādianekapaccayaṃ kāyikacetasikaṃ dukkhamuppajjati , jarā tassa vatthu .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Aṅgānaṃ sithilībhāvā , indriyānaṃ vikārato ;

Yobbanassa vināsena , balassa upaghātato .

‘‘ VippavāsāM3.174 satādīnaṃ , puttadārehi attano ;

Appasādanīyato ceva , bhiyyo bālattapattiyā .

‘‘ Pappoti dukkhaṃ yaṃ macco , kāyikaṃ mānasaṃ tathā ;

Sabbametaṃ jarāhetu , yasmā tasmā jarā dukhā ’’ ti .( visuddhi .2.542; vibha . aṭṭha .192; mahāni . aṭṭha .5; paṭi . ma . aṭṭha .1.1.32-33);

Byādhipi dukkhoti idaṃ padaṃ vibhaṅge dukkhasaccaniddesapāḷiyaṃ na āgataṃ , teneva visuddhimaggepi dukkhasaccaniddese taṃ na uddhaṭaṃ , dhammacakkapavattana suttantapāḷiyaṃyeva pana upalabbhati , tasmā tatthevimassa vacane aññattha ca avacane kāraṇaṃ vīmaṃsitabbaṃ .

Maraṇampi dukkhan ti etthāpi duvidhaṃ maraṇaṃ saṅkhatalakkhaṇañca .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ jarāmaraṇaṃ dvīhi khandhehi saṅgahitan ’’ ti ( dhātu .71).

Ekabhavapariyāpannajīvitindriyappabandhavicchedo ca .

Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ niccaṃ maraṇato bhayan ’’ ti ( su . ni .581; jā .1.11.88), taṃ idha adhippetaṃ .

Jātipaccayamaraṇaṃ upakkamamaraṇaṃ sarasamaraṇaṃ āyukkhayamaraṇaṃ puññakkhayamaraṇantipi tasseva nāmaṃ .

Tayidaṃ dukkhassa vatthubhāvato dukkhanti veditabbaṃ .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ PāpassaV3.160 pāpakammādi-nimittamanupassato ;

Bhaddassāpasahantassa , viyogaṃ piyavatthukaṃ ;

Mīyamānassa yaṃ dukkhaṃ , mānasaṃ avisesato .

‘‘ Sabbesañcāpi yaṃ sandhi-bandhanacchedanādikaṃ ;

Vitujjamānamammānaṃ , hoti dukkhaṃ sarīrajaṃ .

‘‘ Asayhamappaṭikāraṃ , dukkhassetassidaṃ yato ;

Maraṇaṃ vatthu tenetaṃ , dukkhamicceva bhāsitan ’’ ti .( visuddhi .2.543; vibha . aṭṭha .193; mahāni . aṭṭha .5; paṭi . ma . aṭṭha .1.1.32-33);

Imasmiñca ṭhāne ‘‘ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā ’’ ti vibhaṅge dukkhasaccaniddese āgataṃ , idha pana taṃ natthi , tatthāpi kāraṇaṃ pariyesitabbaṃ .

Appiyehi sampayogo dukkhoti ettha appiyasampayogo nāma amanāpehi sattasaṅkhārehi samodhānaṃ .

Sopi dukkhavatthuto dukkho .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ DisvāvaM3.175 appiye dukkhaṃ , paṭhamaṃ hoti cetasi ;

Tadupakkamasambhūta-matha kāye yato idha .

‘‘ Tato dukkhadvayassāpi , vatthuto so mahesinā ;

Dukkho vuttoti viññeyyo , appiyehi samāgamo ’’ ti .

Piyehi vippayogo dukkhoti ettha pana piyavippayogo nāma manāpehi sattasaṅkhārehi vinābhāvo .

Sopi sokadukkhassa vatthuto dukkho .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Ñātidhanādiviyogā ;

Sokasarasamappitā vitujjanti ;

BālāV3.161 yato tatoyaṃ ;

Dukkhoti mato piyavippayogo ’’ ti .

Yampicchaṃ na labhatīti ettha ‘‘ aho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāmā ’’ tiādīsu alabbhaneyyavatthūsu icchāva ‘‘ yampicchaṃ na labhati , tampi dukkhan ’’ ti vuttā , sāpi dukkhavatthuto dukkhā .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Taṃ taṃ patthayamānānaṃ , tassa tassa alābhato ;

Yaṃ vighātamayaṃ dukkhaṃ , sattānaṃ idha jāyati .

‘‘ Alabbhaneyyavatthūnaṃ , patthanā tassa kāraṇaṃ ;

Yasmā tasmā jino dukkhaṃ , icchitālābhamabravī ’’ ti .

Saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhāti ettha pana yasmā indhanamiva pāvako , lakkhamiva paharaṇāni , gorūpaṃ viya ḍaṃsamakasādayo , khettamiva lāyakā , gāmaṃ viya gāmaghātakā , upādānakkhandhapañcakameva jātiādayo nānappakārehi vibādhentā tiṇalatādīni viya bhūmiyaṃ , pupphaphalapallavāni viya rukkhesu upādānakkhandhesuyeva nibbattanti , upādānakkhandhānañca ādidukkhaṃ jāti , majjhedukkhaṃ jarā , pariyosānadukkhaṃ maraṇaṃ , manorathavighātappattānañca icchāvighātadukkhaṃ icchitālābhoti evaṃ nānappakārato upaparikkhiyamānā upādānakkhandhāva dukkhāti yadetaṃ ekamekaṃ dassetvā vuccamānaṃ anekehipi kappehi na sakkā anavasesato vattuṃ , tasmā taṃ sabbampi dukkhaṃ ekajalabindumhi sakalasamuddajalarasaṃ viya yesu kesuci pañcupādānakkhandhesu saṅkhipitvā dassetuṃ ‘‘ saṃkhittenaM3.176 pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā ’’ ti bhagavā avoca .

Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘ Jātippabhutikaṃ dukkhaṃ , yaṃ vuttamidha tādinā ;

Avuttaṃ yañca taṃ sabbaṃ , vinā ete na vijjati .

‘‘ Yasmā tasmā upādāna-kkhandhā saṅkhepato ime ;

Dukkhāti vuttā dukkhanta-desakena mahesinā ’’ ti .

EvaṃV3.162 sarūpato dukkhasaccaṃ dassetvā idāni samudayasaccaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ idaṃ kho pana , bhikkhave , dukkhasamudayan ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha saṃ -iti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘ samāgamo sametan ’’ tiādīsu saṃyogaṃ dīpeti , u -iti ayaṃ ‘‘ uppannaṃ uditan ’’ tiādīsu uppattiṃ .

Aya -saddo pana kāraṇaṃ dīpeti .

Idañcāpi dutiyasaccaṃ avasesapaccayasamāyoge sati dukkhassuppattikāraṇanti dukkhassa saṃyoge uppattikāraṇattā ‘‘ dukkhasamudayan ’’ ti vuccati .

Yāyaṃ taṇhāti yā ayaṃ taṇhā .

Ponobbhavikāti punabbhavakaraṇaṃ punabbhavo uttarapadalopena , punabbhavo sīlametissāti ponobbhavikā .

Nandīrāgena sahagatāti nandīrāgasahagatā .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘ nandanato rajjanato ca nandīrāgabhāvaṃ sabbāsu avatthāsu appaccakkhāya vuttiyā nandīrāgasahagatā ’’ ti .

Tatratatrābhinandinīti yatra yatra attabhāvo nibbattati , tatratatrābhinandinī .

Seyyathidan ti nipāto , tassa sā katamāti ceti ayamattho .

Rūpataṇhādibhedena chabbidhāyeva taṇhā pavattiākārabhedato kāmataṇhādivasena tividhā vuttā .

Rūpataṇhāyeva hi yadā cakkhussa āpāthamāgataṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ kāmassādavasena assādayamānā pavattati , tadā kāmataṇhā nāma hoti .

Yadā tadevārammaṇaṃ dhuvaṃ sassatanti pavattāya sassatadiṭṭhiyā saddhiṃ pavattati , tadā bhavataṇhā nāma hoti .

Sassatadiṭṭhisahagato hi rāgo ‘‘ bhavataṇhā ’’ ti vuccati .

Yadā pana tadevārammaṇaṃ ucchijjati vinassatīti pavattāya ucchedadiṭṭhiyā saddhiṃ pavattati , tadā vibhavataṇhā nāma hoti .

Ucchedadiṭṭhisahagato hi rāgo ‘‘ vibhavataṇhā ’’ ti vuccati .

Esa nayo saddataṇhādīsupi .

KasmāM3.177 panettha taṇhāva samudayasaccaṃ vuttāti ?

Visesahetubhāvato .

Avijjā hi bhavesu ādīnavaṃ paṭicchādentī diṭṭhiādiupādānañca tattha tattha abhinivisamānaṃ taṇhaṃ abhivaḍḍheti , dosādayopi kammassa kāraṇaṃ honti , taṇhā pana taṃtaṃbhavayonigativiññāṇaṭṭhitisattāāvāsasattanikāyakulabhogissariyādivicittataṃ abhipatthentī kammavicittatāya upanissayataṃ kammassa ca sahāyabhāvaṃ upagacchantī bhavādivicittataṃ niyameti , tasmā dukkhassa visesahetubhāvato aññesupi avijjāupādānakammādīsu sutte abhidhamme ca avasesakilesākusalamūlādīsu vuttesu dukkhahetūsu vijjamānesu taṇhāva ‘‘ samudayasaccan ’’ ti vuttāti veditabbaṃ .

Idāni dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ idaṃ kho pana , bhikkhave , dukkhanirodhan ’’ tiādimāha .

Tattha yasmā ni -saddo abhāvaṃ , rodha -saddo ca cārakaṃ dīpeti , tasmā abhāvo ettha saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkharodhassa sabbagatisuññattā , samadhigate vā tasmiṃ saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassaV3.163 dukkharodhassa abhāvo hoti tappaṭipakkhattātipi ‘‘ dukkhanirodhan ’’ ti vuccati .

Dukkhassa vā anuppādanirodhapaccayattā dukkhanirodhaṃ .

Dukkhanirodhaṃ dassentena cettha ‘‘ yo tassāyeva taṇhāyā ’’ tiādinā nayena samudayanirodho vutto , so kasmā vuttoti ce ?

Samudayanirodhena dukkhanirodho .

Byādhinimittavūpasamena byādhivūpasamo viya hi hetunirodhena phalanirodho , tasmā samudayanirodheneva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati , na aññathā .

Tenāha –

‘‘ Yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe ;

Chinnopi rukkho punareva rūhati ;

Evampi taṇhānusaye anūhate ;

Nibbattatī dukkhamidaṃ punappunan ’’ ti .( dha . pa .338);

Iti yasmā samudayanirodheneva dukkhaṃ nirujjhati , tasmā bhagavā dukkhanirodhaṃ dassento samudayanirodhena desesi .

Sīhasamānavuttino hi tathāgatā .

Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca desentā hetumhi paṭipajjanti , na phale .

Yathā hi sīho yenattani saro khitto , tattheva attanoM3.178 balaṃ dasseti , na sare , tathā buddhānaṃ kāraṇe paṭipatti , na phale .

Titthiyā pana suvānavuttino .

Te dukkhaṃ nirodhentā dukkhanirodhañca desentā attakilamathānuyogadesanādīhi phale paṭipajjanti , na hetumhi .

Yathā hi sunakhā kenaci leḍḍuppahāre dinne bhussantā leḍḍuṃ khādanti , na pahāradāyake uṭṭhahanti , evaṃ aññatitthiyā dukkhaṃ nirodhetukāmā kāyakhedamanuyujjanti , na kilesanirodhanaṃ , evaṃ tāva dukkhanirodhassa samudayanirodhavasena desanāya payojanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Ayaṃ panettha attho .

Tassāyeva taṇhāyāti tassā ‘‘ ponobbhavikā ’’ ti vatvā kāmataṇhādivasena vibhattataṇhāya .

Virāgo vuccati maggo .

‘‘ Virāgā vimuccatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.245; saṃ . ni .3.12,59) hi vuttaṃ .

Virāgena nirodho virāganirodho , anusayasamugghātato aseso virāganirodho asesavirāganirodho .

Atha vā virāgoti pahānaṃ vuccati , tasmā anusayasamugghātato aseso virāgo aseso nirodhoti evampettha yojanā daṭṭhabbā , atthato pana sabbāneva etāni nibbānassa vevacanāni .

Paramatthato hi dukkhanirodho ariyasaccanti nibbānaṃ vuccati .

Yasmā pana taṃ āgamma taṇhā virajjati ceva nirujjhati ca , tasmā ‘‘ virāgo ’’ ti ca ‘‘ nirodho ’’ ti ca vuccati .

Yasmā ca tadeva āgamma tassā cāgādayoV3.164 honti , kāmaguṇālayādīsu cettha ekopi ālayo natthi , tasmā cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayoti vuccati .

Idāni dukkhanirodhagāminipaṭipadāariyasaccaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ idaṃ kho pana , bhikkhave , dukkhanirodhagāminī ’’ tiādimāha .

Yasmā panetaṃ ariyasaccaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati ārammaṇavasaena tadabhimukhabhūtattā , paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā , tasmā ‘‘ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ’’ ti vuccati .

Sesamettha vuttanayameva .

Ko pana nesaṃ dukkhādīnaṃ saccaṭṭhoti ?

Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhiyamānānaṃ māyāva viparīto , marīciva visaṃvādako , titthiyānaṃ attā viya anupalabbhasabhāvo ca na hoti , atha kho bādhanappabhavasantiniyyānappakārena tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hotiyeva , esa aggilakkhaṇaṃ viya lokapakati viya ca tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvo saccaṭṭhoti veditabbo .

Ettha ca aggilakkhaṇaṃ nāma uṇhattaṃ .

Tañhi katthaci kaṭṭhādiupādānabhede visaṃvādakaṃ viparītaṃM3.179 abhūtaṃ vā kadācipi na hoti ,‘‘ jātidhammā jarādhammā , atho maraṇadhammino ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.57) evaṃ vuttajātiādikā lokapakatīti veditabbā .

‘‘ Ekaccānaṃ tiracchānānaṃ tiriyaṃ dīghatā , manussādīnaṃ uddhaṃ dīghatā , vuddhiniṭṭhappattānaṃ puna avaḍḍhananti evamādikā ca lokapakatī ’’ ti vadanti .

Apica –

Nābādhakaṃ yato dukkhaṃ , dukkhā aññaṃ na bādhakaṃ ;

Bādhakattaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .

Taṃ vinā nāññato dukkhaṃ , na hoti na ca taṃ tato ;

Dukkhahetuniyāmena , iti saccaṃ visattikā .

Nāññā nibbānato santi , santaṃ na ca na taṃ yato ;

Santabhāvaniyāmena , tato saccamidaṃ mataṃ .

Maggā aññaṃ na niyyānaṃ , aniyyāno na cāpi so ;

Tacchaniyyānabhāvattā , iti so saccasammato .

ItiV3.165 tacchāvipallāsa-bhūtabhāvaṃ catūsupi ;

Dukkhādīsvavisesena , saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitāti .( vibha . aṭṭha .189);

15. Pubbe ananussutesūti ito pubbe ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhan ’’ tiādinā na anussutesu assutapubbesu catusaccadhammesu .

Cakkhun tiādīni ñāṇavevacanāneva .

Ñāṇameva hettha paccakkhato dassanaṭṭhena cakkhu viyāti cakkhu , ñāṇaṭṭhena ñāṇaṃ , pakārato jānanaṭṭhena paññā , paṭivijjhanaṭṭhena vijjā , saccappaṭicchādakassa mohandhakārassa vidhamanato obhāsanaṭṭhena ālokoti vuttaṃ .

Taṃ panetaṃ catūsu saccesu lokiyalokuttaramissakaṃ niddiṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ .

16. Yāvakīvañcāti yattakaṃ kālaṃ .

Tiparivaṭṭan ti saccañāṇakiccañāṇakatañāṇasaṅkhātānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ parivaṭṭānaṃ vasena tiparivaṭṭaṃ .

Saccañāṇādivasena hi tayo parivaṭṭā etassāti tiparivaṭṭanti vuccati ñāṇadassanaṃ .

Ettha ca ‘‘ idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ , idaṃ dukkhasamudayan ’’ ti evaṃ catūsu saccesu yathābhūtañāṇaṃ saccañāṇaṃ nāma .

Tesuyeva ‘‘ pariññeyyaṃM3.180 pahātabbaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ bhāvetabban ’’ ti evaṃ kattabbakiccajānanañāṇaṃ kiccañāṇaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Pariññātaṃ pahīnaṃ sacchikataṃ bhāvitan ’’ ti evaṃ tassa katabhāvajānanañāṇaṃ katañāṇaṃ nāma .

Dvādasākāran ti tesaṃyeva ekekasmiṃ sacce tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ ākārānaṃ vasena dvādasākāraṃ .

Ñāṇadassanan ti etesaṃ tiparivaṭṭānaṃ dvādasannaṃ ākārānaṃ vasena uppannañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ dassanaṃ .

Anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhin ti uttaravirahitaṃ sabbaseṭṭhaṃ sammā sāmañca bodhiṃ .

Atha vā pasatthaṃ sundarañca bodhiṃ .

Bodhīti ca bhagavato arahattamaggo idhādhippeto .

Sāvakānaṃ arahattamaggo anuttarā bodhi hoti , na hotīti ?

Na hoti .

Kasmā ?

Asabbaguṇadāyakattā .

Tesañhi kassaci arahattamaggo arahattaphalameva deti , kassaci tisso vijjā , kassaci cha abhiññā , kassaci catasso paṭisambhidā , kassaci sāvakapāramīñāṇaṃ .

Paccekabuddhānampi paccekabodhiñāṇameva deti , buddhānaṃ pana sabbaguṇasampattiṃ deti abhiseko viya rañño sabbalokissariyabhāvaṃ .

Tasmā aññassa kassacipi anuttarā bodhi na hotīti .

Abhisambuddhoti paccaññāsin ti abhisambuddho ahaṃ patto paṭivijjhitvā ṭhitoti evaṃ paṭijāniṃ .

Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādīti adhigataguṇānaṃ yāthāvato dassanasamatthaṃ paccavekkhaṇañāṇañca pana me udapādi .

Akuppā me vimuttīti ayaṃ mayhaṃ arahattaphalavimutti akuppā paṭipakkhehi na kopetabbāti evaṃ ñāṇaṃ udapādi .

Tattha dvīhākārehi akuppatā veditabbā maggasaṅkhātakāraṇato ca ārammaṇato ca .

Sā hi catūhi maggehi samucchinnakilesānaṃV3.166 puna anivattanatāya kāraṇatopi akuppā , akuppadhammaṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā pavattatāya ārammaṇatopi akuppā anākuppārammaṇānaṃ lokiyasamāpattīnaṃ tadabhāvato .

Antimāti pacchimā .

Natthi dāni punabbhavoti idāni puna añño bhavo nāma natthīti .

Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmin ti imasmiṃ niggāthake sutte .

Niggāthakañhi suttaṃ pucchāvissajjanasahitaṃ ‘‘ veyyākaraṇan ’’ ti vuccati .

Bhaññamāneti bhaṇiyamāne , desiyamāneti attho .

Virajan ti apāyagamanīyarāgarajādīnaṃ vigamena virajaṃ .

Vītamalan ti anavasesadiṭṭhivicikicchāmalāpagamena vītamalaṃM3.181 .

Paṭhamamaggavajjhakilesarajābhāvena vā virajaṃ , pañcavidhadussīlyamalāpagamena vītamalaṃ .

Dhammacakkhun ti brahmāyusutte ( ma . ni .2.383 ādayo ) heṭṭhimā tayo maggā vuttā , cūḷarāhulovāde ( ma . ni .3.416 ādayo ) āsavakkhayo , idha pana sotāpattimaggo adhippeto .

Catusaccasaṅkhātesu dhammesu tesaṃ dassanaṭṭhena cakkhūti dhammacakkhu , heṭṭhimesu vā tīsu maggadhammesu ekaṃ sotāpattimaggasaṅkhātaṃ cakkhūti dhammacakkhu , samathavipassanādhammanibbattatāya sīlāditividhadhammakkhandhabhūtatāya vā dhammamayaṃ cakkhūtipi dhammacakkhu , tassa uppattiākāradassanatthaṃ ‘‘ yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamman ’’ ti āha .

Nanu ca maggañāṇaṃ asaṅkhatadhammārammaṇaṃ , na saṅkhatadhammārammaṇanti ?

Saccametaṃ , yasmā taṃ nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccavasena sabbasaṅkhataṃ asammohappaṭivedhavasena paṭivijjhantaṃ uppajjati , tasmā tathā vuttaṃ .

17. Dhammacakketi paṭivedhañāṇañceva desanāñāṇañca pavattanaṭṭhena cakkanti dhammacakkaṃ .

Bodhipallaṅke nisinnassa hi catūsu saccesu uppannaṃ dvādasākāraṃ paṭivedhañāṇampi , isipatane nisinnassa dvādasākārāya saccadesanāya pavattakaṃ desanāñāṇampi dhammacakkaṃ nāma .

Ubhayampi hetaṃ dasabalassa ure pavattañāṇameva .

Tadubhayaṃ imāya desanāya pakāsentena bhagavatā dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ nāma .

Taṃ panetaṃ dhammacakkaṃ yāva aññāsikoṇḍaññatthero aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāti , tāva bhagavā pavatteti nāma pavattanakiccassa aniṭṭhitattā .

Patiṭṭhite pavattitaṃ nāma kassapasammāsambuddhassa sāsanantaradhānato paṭṭhāya yāva buddhuppādo , ettakaṃ kālaṃ appavattapubbassa pavattitattā .

Taṃ sandhāya ‘‘ pavattite ca pana bhagavatā dhammacakke bhummā devā saddamanussāvesun ’’ tiādi vuttaṃ .

Tattha bhummāti bhūmaṭṭhakadevatā .

Saddamanussāvesun ti ekappahāreneva sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘ etaṃ bhagavatā ’’ tiādīni vadantā anussāvayiṃsu .

Obhāsoti sabbaññutaññāṇānubhāvena pavatto cittapaccayautusamuṭṭhāno obhāso .

So hi tadā devānaṃ devānubhāvaṃ atikkamitvā virocittha .

Aññāsi vata bho koṇḍaññotiV3.167 imassapi udānassa udāharaṇaghoso dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi .

Bhagavato hi dhammacakkappavattanassa ārambhe viya parisamāpanepi ativiya uḷāratamaṃ pītisomanassaṃ udapādi .

18. DiṭṭhoM3.182 ariyasaccadhammo etenāti diṭṭhadhammo .

Esa nayo sesapadesupi .

Ettha ca dassanaṃ nāma ñāṇadassanato aññampi atthīti taṃnivattanatthaṃ ‘‘ pattadhammo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Patti ca ñāṇasampattito aññāpi vijjatīti tato visesanatthaṃ ‘‘ viditadhammo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Sā panesā viditadhammatā ekadesatopi hotīti nippadesato viditabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘ pariyogāḷhadhammo ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Tenassa saccābhisambodhiṃyeva dīpeti .

Maggañāṇañhi ekābhisamayavasena pariññādikiccaṃ sādhentaṃ nippadesena catusaccadhammaṃ samantato ogāḷhaṃ nāma hoti .

Sappaṭibhayakantārasadisā soḷasavatthukā aṭṭhavatthukā ca tiṇṇā vicikicchā anenāti tiṇṇavicikiccho .

Pavattiādīsu ‘‘ evaṃ nukho na nukho ’’ ti evaṃ pavattikā vigatā samucchinnā kathaṃkathā assāti vigatakathaṃkatho .

Vesārajjappattoti sārajjakarānaṃ pāpadhammānaṃ pahīnattā tappaṭipakkhesu ca sīlādīsu guṇesu suppatiṭṭhitattā visāradabhāvaṃ veyyattiyaṃ patto adhigato .

Svāyaṃ vesārajjappattisuppatiṭṭhitabhāvo katthāti āha ‘‘ satthusāsane ’’ ti .

Attanā paccakkhato adhigatattā na paraṃ pacceti , parassa saddhāya ettha nappavattati , na tassa paro paccetabbo atthīti aparappaccayo .

Labheyyāhan ti labheyyaṃ ahaṃ , āyācanavacanametaṃ .

Ehīti āyācitānaṃ pabbajjūpasampadānaṃ anumatabhāvappakāsanavacanaṃ , tasmā ehi sampaṭicchāhi yathāyācitaṃ pabbajjūpasampadavisesanti attho .

Iti -saddo tassa ehibhikkhūpasampadāpaṭilābhanimittavacanapariyosānadassano .

Tadavasāno hi tassa bhikkhubhāvo .

Tenevāha ‘‘ ehi bhikkhūti bhagavato vacanena abhinipphannā sāva tassa āyasmato ehibhikkhūpasampadā ahosī ’’ ti .

Cara brahmacariyan ti uparimaggattayasaṅkhātaṃ brahmacariyaṃ samadhigaccha .

Kimatthaṃ ?

Sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāya .

Idhāpi ‘‘ avocā ’’ ti sambandhitabbaṃ .

‘‘ Nava koṭisahassānī ’’ tiādinā ( visuddhi .1.20; paṭi . ma . aṭṭha .1.1.37) vuttappabhedānaṃ anekasahassānaṃ saṃvaravinayānaṃ samādiyitvā vattanena uparibhūtā aggabhūtā sampadāti upasampadā .

19. Nīhārabhattoti nīhaṭabhatto , gāmato bhikkhaṃ nīharitvā bhikkhūhi dinnabhattoti atthoV3.168 .

Bhagavā hi daharakumārake viya te bhikkhūM3.183 pariharanto pāṭipadadivasato paṭṭhāya piṇḍapātatthāyapi gāmaṃ apavisitvā antovihāreyeva vasi .

Dhammacakkappavattanasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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