Nīvaraṇappahānakathā

216. SoM1.187 iminā cātiādinā kiṃ dasseti ?

Araññavāsassa paccayasampattiṃ dasseti .

Yassa hi ime cattāro paccayā natthi , tassa araññavāso na ijjhati .

Tiracchānagatehi vā vanacarakehi vā saddhiṃ vattabbataṃ āpajjati .

Araññe adhivatthā devatā –

‘‘ kiṃV1.170 evarūpassa pāpabhikkhuno araññavāsenā ’’ ti bheravasaddaṃ sāventi , hatthehi sīsaṃ paharitvā palāyanākāraṃ karonti .

‘‘ Asuko bhikkhu araññaṃ pavisitvā idañcidañca pāpakammaṃ akāsī ’’ ti ayaso pattharati .

Yassa panete cattāro paccayā atthi , tassa araññavāso ijjhati .

So hi attano sīlaṃ paccavekkhanto kiñci kāḷakaṃ vā tilakaṃ vā apassanto pītiṃ uppādetvā taṃ khayavayato sammasanto ariyabhūmiṃ okkamati .

Araññe adhivatthā devatā attamanā vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇanti .

Itissa udake pakkhittatelabindu viya yaso vitthāriko hoti .

Tattha vivittan ti suññaṃ , appasaddaṃ , appanigghosanti attho .

Etadeva hi sandhāya vibhaṅge –

‘‘ vivittanti santike cepi senāsanaṃ hoti , tañca anākiṇṇaṃ gahaṭṭhehi pabbajitehi .

Tena taṃ vivittan ’’ ti vuttaṃ .

Seti ceva āsati ca etthāti senāsanaṃ mañcapīṭhādīnametaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Tenāha –

‘‘ senāsananti mañcopi senāsanaṃP1.209 , pīṭhampi , bhisipi , bimbohanampi , vihāropi , aḍḍhayogopi , pāsādopi , hammiyampi , guhāpi , aṭṭopi , māḷopi leṇampi , veḷugumbopi , rukkhamūlampi , maṇḍapopi , senāsanaṃ , yattha vā pana bhikkhū paṭikkamanti , sabbametaṃ senāsanan ’’ ti ( vibha .527).

Api ca –

‘‘ vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhā ’’ ti idaṃ vihārasenāsanaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Mañco pīṭhaṃ bhisi bimbohanan ’’ ti idaṃ mañcapīṭhasenāsanaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Cimilikā cammakhaṇḍo tiṇasanthāro paṇṇasanthāro ’’ ti idaṃ santhatasenāsanaṃ nāma .

‘‘ Yattha vā pana bhikkhū paṭikkamantī ’’ ti idaṃ okāsasenāsanaṃ nāmāti .

Evaṃ catubbidhaṃ senāsanaṃ hoti , taṃ sabbaṃ senāsanaggahaṇena saṅgahitameva .

Idha panassa sakuṇasadisassa cātuddisassa bhikkhuno anucchavikasenāsanaṃ dassento araññaṃ rukkhamūlantiādimāha .

Tattha araññan ti nikkhamitvāM1.188 bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ araññanti .

Idaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ vasena āgataṃ .

‘‘ Āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchiman ’’ ti ( pārā .654) idaṃ pana imassa bhikkhuno anurūpaṃ .

Tassa lakkhaṇaṃ visuddhimagge dhutaṅganiddese vuttaṃ .

Rukkhamūlan ti yaṃ kiñci sandacchāyaṃ vivittarukkhamūlaṃ .

Pabbatan ti selaṃ .

Tattha hi udakasoṇḍīsu udakakiccaṃ katvā sītāya rukkhacchāyāya nisinnassa nānādisāsu khāyamānāsu sītena vātena bījiyamānassa cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti .

Kandaran ti kaṃ vuccati udakaṃ , tena dāritaṃ , udakena bhinnaṃ pabbatapadesaṃ .

Yaṃ nadītumbantipi , nadīkuñjantipiV1.171 vadanti .

Tattha hi rajatapaṭṭasadisā vālikā hoti , matthake maṇivitānaṃ viya vanagahaṇaṃ , maṇikhandhasadisaṃ udakaṃ sandati .

Evarūpaṃ kandaraṃ oruyha pānīyaṃ pivitvā gattāni sītāni katvā vālikaṃ ussāpetvāP1.210 paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ paññapetvā nisinnassa samaṇadhammaṃ karoto cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti .

Giriguhan ti dvinnaṃ pabbatānaṃ antare , ekasmiṃyeva vā umaggasadisaṃ mahāvivaraṃ susānalakkhaṇaṃ visuddhimagge vuttaṃ .

Vanapatthan ti gāmantaṃ atikkamitvā manussānaṃ anupacāraṭṭhānaṃ , yattha na kasanti na vapanti , tenevāha –

‘‘ vanapatthanti dūrānametaṃ senāsanānaṃ adhivacanan ’’ tiādi .

Abbhokāsan ti acchannaṃ .

Ākaṅkhamāno panettha cīvarakuṭiṃ katvā vasati .

Palālapuñjan ti palālarāsi .

Mahāpalālapuñjato hi palālaṃ nikkaḍḍhitvā pabbhāraleṇasadise ālaye karonti , gacchagumbhādīnampi upari palālaṃ pakkhipitvā heṭṭhā nisinnā samaṇadhammaṃ karonti .

Taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ .

Pacchābhattan ti bhattassa pacchato .

Piṇḍapātapaṭikkantoti piṇḍapātapariyesanato paṭikkanto .

Pallaṅkan ti samantato ūrubaddhāsanaṃ .

Ābhujitvāti bandhitvā .

Ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyāti uparimaṃ sarīraṃ ujuṃ ṭhapetvā aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭakaṭṭhike koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭipādetvā .

Evañhi nisinnassa cammamaṃsanhārūni na paṇamanti .

Athassa yā tesaṃ paṇamanapaccayā khaṇe khaṇe vedanā uppajjeyyuṃ , tā nuppajjanti .

Tāsu anuppajjamānāsu cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti , kammaṭṭhānaṃ na paripatati , vuḍḍhiṃ phātiṃ vepullaṃ upagacchati .

Parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāti kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ satiṃ ṭhapayitvā .

MukhasamīpeM1.189 vā katvāti attho .

Teneva vibhaṅge vuttaṃ –

‘‘ ayaṃ sati upaṭṭhitā hoti sūpaṭṭhitā nāsikaggeP1.211 vā mukhanimitte vā , tena vuccati parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā ’’ ti ( vibha .537).

Athavā parīti pariggahaṭṭho .

Mukhan ti niyyānaṭṭho .

Satīti upaṭṭhānaṭṭho .

Tena vuccati –

‘‘ parimukhaṃ satin ’’ ti .

Evaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttanayenapettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepo –

‘‘ pariggahitaniyyānasatiṃ katvā ’’ ti .

217. Abhijjhaṃ loketi ettha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena pañcupādānakkhandhā loko , tasmā pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu rāgaṃ pahāya kāmacchandaṃ vikkhambhetvāti ayametthattho .

Vigatābhijjhenāti vikkhambhanavasena pahīnattā vigatābhijjhena , na cakkhuviññāṇasadisenāti attho .

Abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodhetīti abhijjhāto cittaṃ parimoceti .

Yathā taṃ sā muñcati ceva , muñcitvā ca na puna gaṇhati , evaṃ karotīti attho .

Byāpādapadosaṃ pahāyātiādīsupi eseva nayo .

Byāpajjati iminā cittaṃ pūtikummāsādayo viya purimapakatiṃ vijahatīti byāpādo .

Vikārāpattiyā padussati , paraṃ vā padūseti vināsetīti padoso .

Ubhayametaṃ kodhassevādhivacanaṃV1.172 .

Thinaṃ cittagelaññaṃ .

Middhaṃ cetasikagelaññaṃ , thinañca middhañca thinamiddhaṃ .

Ālokasaññīti rattimpi divādiṭṭhālokasañjānanasamatthāya vigatanīvaraṇāya parisuddhāya saññāya samannāgato .

Sato sampajānoti satiyā ca ñāṇena ca samannāgato .

Idaṃ ubhayaṃ ālokasaññāya upakārattā vuttaṃ .

Uddhaccañca kukkuccañca uddhaccakukkuccaṃ .

Tiṇṇavicikicchoti vicikicchaṃ taritvā atikkamitvā ṭhito .

‘‘ Kathamidaṃ kathamidan ’’ ti evaṃ nappavattatīti akathaṃkathī .

Kusalesu dhammesūti anavajjesu dhammesu .

‘‘ Ime nu kho kusalā kathamime kusalā ’’ ti evaṃ na vicikicchati .

Na kaṅkhatīti attho .

AyametthaP1.212 saṅkhepo .

Imesu pana nīvaraṇesu vacanatthalakkhaṇādibhedato yaṃ vattabbaṃ siyā , taṃ sabbaṃ visuddhimagge vuttaṃ .

218. Yā panāyaṃ seyyathāpi mahārājāti upamā vuttā .

Tattha iṇaṃ ādāyāti vaḍḍhiyā dhanaṃ gahetvā .

Byantiṃ kareyyāti vigatantaṃ kareyyaM1.190 , yathā tesaṃ kākaṇikamattopi pariyanto nāma nāvasissati , evaṃ kareyya ;

sabbaso paṭiniyyāteyyāti attho .

Tato nidānan ti āṇaṇyanidānaṃ .

So hi ‘‘ aṇaṇomhī ’’ ti āvajjanto balavapāmojjaṃ labhati , somanassaṃ adhigacchati , tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ labhetha pāmojjaṃ , adhigaccheyya somanassan ’’ ti .

219. Visabhāgavedanuppattiyā kakaceneva catuiriyāpathaṃ chindanto ābādhatīti ābādho , svāssa atthīti ābādhiko .

Taṃ samuṭṭhānena dukkhena dukkhito .

Adhimattagilānoti bāḷhagilāno .

Nacchādeyyāti adhimattabyādhiparetatāya na rucceyya .

Balamattāti balameva , balañcassa kāye na bhaveyyāti attho .

Tatonidānan ti ārogyanidānaṃ .

Tassa hi –

‘‘ arogomhī ’’ ti āvajjayato tadubhayaṃ hoti .

Tena vuttaṃ –

‘‘ labhetha pāmojjaṃ , adhigaccheyya somanassan ’’ ti .

220. Na cassa kiñci bhogānaṃ vayoti kākaṇikamattampi bhogānaṃ vayo na bhaveyya .

Tatonidānan ti bandhanāmokkhanidānaṃ .

Sesaṃ vuttanayeneva sabbapadesu yojetabbaṃ .

221-222.

Anattādhīnoti na attani adhīno , attano ruciyā kiñci kātuṃ na labhati .

Parādhīnoti paresu adhīno parasseva ruciyā vattati .

Na yena kāmaṃ gamoti yena disābhāgenassa gantukāmatā hoti , icchā uppajjati gamanāya , tena gantuṃ na labhati .

DāsabyātiP1.213 dāsabhāvā .

Bhujissoti attano santako .

Tatonidānan ti bhujissanidānaṃ .

Kantāraddhānamaggan tiV1.173 kantāraṃ addhānamaggaṃ , nirudakaṃ dīghamagganti attho .

Tatonidānan ti khemantabhūminidānaṃ .

223. Ime pañca nīvaraṇe appahīneti ettha bhagavā appahīnakāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ iṇasadisaṃ , sesāni rogādisadisāni katvā dasseti .

Tatrāyaṃ sadisatā .

Yo hi paresaṃ iṇaṃ gahetvā vināseti , so tehi iṇaṃ dehīti vuccamānopi pharusaṃ vuccamānopi bajjhamānopi vadhīyamānopiM1.191 kiñci paṭibāhituṃ na sakkoti , sabbaṃ titikkhati .

Titikkhākāraṇaṃ hissa taṃ iṇaṃ hoti .

Evameva yo yamhi kāmacchandena rajjati , taṇhāsahagatena taṃ vatthuṃ gaṇhati , so tena pharusaṃ vuccamānopi bajjhamānopi vadhīyamānopi sabbaṃ titikkhati , titikkhākāraṇaṃ hissa so kāmacchando hoti , gharasāmikehi vadhīyamānānaṃ itthīnaṃ viyāti , evaṃ iṇaṃ viya kāmacchando daṭṭhabbo .

Yathā pana pittarogāturo madhusakkarādīsupi dinnesu pittarogāturatāya tesaṃ rasaṃ na vindati ,‘‘ tittakaṃ tittakan ’’ ti uggiratiyeva .

Evameva byāpannacitto hitakāmehi ācariyupajjhāyehi appamattakampi ovadiyamāno ovādaṃ na gaṇhati .

‘‘ Ati viya me tumhe upaddavethā ’’ tiādīni vatvā vibbhamati .

Pittarogāturatāya so puriso madhusakkarādīnaṃ viya kodhāturatāya jhānasukhādibhedaṃ sāsanarasaṃ na vindatīti .

Evaṃ rogo viya byāpādo daṭṭhabbo .

Yathā pana nakkhattadivase bandhanāgāre baddho puriso nakkhattassa neva ādiṃ na majjhaṃ na pariyosānaṃ passati .

So dutiyadivase mutto aho hiyyo nakkhattaṃ manāpaṃ , aho naccaṃ , aho gītantiādīni sutvāpi paṭivacanaṃ na deti .

Kiṃ kāraṇā ?

Nakkhattassa ananubhūtattā .

EvamevaP1.214 thinamiddhābhibhūto bhikkhu vicittanayepi dhammassavane pavattamāne neva tassa ādiṃ na majjhaṃ na pariyosānaṃ jānāti .

Sopi uṭṭhite dhammassavane aho dhammassavanaṃ , aho kāraṇaṃ , aho upamāti dhammassavanassa vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānānaṃ sutvāpi paṭivacanaṃ na deti .

Kiṃ kāraṇā ?

Thinamiddhavasena dhammakathāya ananubhūtattā .

Evaṃ bandhanāgāraṃ viya thinamiddhaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Yathā pana nakkhattaṃ kīḷantopi dāso –

‘‘ idaṃ nāma accāyikaṃ karaṇīyaṃ atthi , sīghaṃ tattha gacchāhi .

No ce gacchasi , hatthapādaṃ vā te chindāmi kaṇṇanāsaṃ vā ’’ ti vutto sīghaṃ gacchatiyevaV1.174 .

Nakkhattassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ anubhavituṃ na labhati , kasmā ?

Parādhīnatāya , evameva vinaye apakataññunā vivekatthāya araññaṃ paviṭṭhenāpi kismiñcidevaM1.192 antamaso kappiyamaṃsepi akappiyamaṃsasaññāya uppannāya vivekaṃ pahāya sīlavisodhanatthaṃ vinayadharassa santikaṃ gantabbaṃ hoti , vivekasukhaṃ anubhavituṃ na labhati , kasmā ?

Uddhaccakukkuccābhibhūtatāyāti .

Evaṃ dāsabyaṃ viya uddhaccakukkuccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Yathā pana kantāraddhānamaggappaṭipanno puriso corehi manussānaṃ viluttokāsaṃ pahatokāsañca disvā daṇḍakasaddenapi sakuṇasaddenapi ‘‘ corā āgatā ’’ ti ussaṅkitaparisaṅkitova hoti , gacchatipi tiṭṭhatipi nivattatipi , gataṭṭhānato agataṭṭhānameva bahutaraṃ hoti .

So kicchena kasirena khemantabhūmiṃ pāpuṇāti vā na vā pāpuṇāti .

Evameva yassa aṭṭhasu ṭhānesu vicikicchā uppannā hoti , so –

‘‘ buddho nu kho , no nu kho buddho ’’ tiādinā nayena vicikicchanto adhimuccitvā saddhāya gaṇhituṃ na sakkoti .

Asakkonto maggaṃ vā phalaṃ vā na pāpuṇātīti .

Yathā kantāraddhānamagge –

‘‘ corā atthi natthī ’’ ti punappunaṃ āsappanaparisappanaṃ apariyogāhanaṃ chambhitattaṃ cittassaP1.215 uppādento khemantapattiyā antarāyaṃ karoti , evaṃ vicikicchāpi –

‘‘ buddho nu kho , na buddho ’’ tiādinā nayena punappunaṃ āsappanaparisappanaṃ apariyogāhanaṃ chambhitattaṃ cittassa uppādayamānā ariyabhūmippattiyā antarāyaṃ karotīti kantāraddhānamaggo viya vicikicchā daṭṭhabbā .

224. Idāni –

‘‘ seyyathāpi , mahārāja , āṇaṇyan ’’ ti ettha bhagavā pahīnakāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ āṇaṇyasadisaṃ , sesāni ārogyādisadisāni katvā dasseti .

Tatrāyaṃ sadisatā , yathā hi puriso iṇaṃ ādāya kammante payojetvā samiddhataṃ patto –

‘‘ idaṃ iṇaṃ nāma palibodhamūlan ’’ ti cintetvā savaḍḍhikaṃ iṇaṃ niyyātetvā paṇṇaṃ phālāpeyya .

Athassa tato paṭṭhāya neva koci dūtaṃ peseti , na paṇṇaṃ .

So iṇasāmike disvāpi sace icchati , āsanā uṭṭhahati , no ce na uṭṭhahati , kasmā ?

Tehi saddhiṃ nillepatāya alaggatāya .

Evameva bhikkhu –

‘‘ ayaṃ kāmacchando nāma palibodhamūlan ’’ ti cintetvā cha dhamme bhāvetvā kāmacchandanīvaraṇaṃ pajahati .

Te pana cha dhamme mahāsatipaṭṭhāne vaṇṇayissāma .

Tassevaṃ pahīnakāmacchandassaM1.193 yathā iṇamuttassa purisassa iṇassāmike disvā neva bhayaṃ na chambhitattaṃ hoti .

Evameva paravatthumhi neva saṅgo na baddho hoti .

Dibbānipi rūpāni passato kileso na samudācarati .

Tasmā bhagavā āṇaṇyamiva kāmacchandappahānaṃ āha .

YathāV1.175 pana so pittarogāturo puriso bhesajjakiriyāya taṃ rogaṃ vūpasametvā tato paṭṭhāya madhusakkarādīnaṃ rasaṃ vindati .

Evameva bhikkhu ‘‘ ayaṃ byāpādo nāma mahā anatthakaro ’’ ti cha dhamme bhāvetvā byāpādanīvaraṇaṃ pajahati .

Sabbanīvaraṇesu cha dhamme mahāsatipaṭṭhāneyeva vaṇṇayissāma .

Na kevalañca teyeva , yepi thinamiddhādīnaṃ pahānāya bhāvetabbā , tepi sabbe tattheva vaṇṇayissāma .

So evaṃ pahīnabyāpādo yathā pittarogavimutto puriso madhusakkarādīnaṃ rasaṃ sampiyāyamāno paṭisevati , evameva ācārapaṇṇattiādīniP1.216 sikkhāpadāni sirasā sampaṭicchitvā sampiyāyamāno sikkhati .

Tasmā bhagavā ārogyamiva byāpādappahānaṃ āha .

Yathā so nakkhattadivase bandhanāgāraṃ pavesito puriso aparasmiṃ nakkhattadivase –

‘‘ pubbepi ahaṃ pamādadosena baddho , tena nakkhattaṃ nānubhaviṃ .

Idāni appamatto bhavissāmī ’’ ti yathāssa paccatthikā okāsaṃ na labhanti , evaṃ appamatto hutvā nakkhattaṃ anubhavitvā –

‘ aho nakkhattaṃ , aho nakkhattan ’ ti udānaṃ udānesi , evameva bhikkhu –

‘‘ idaṃ thinamiddhaṃ nāma mahāanatthakaran ’’ ti cha dhamme bhāvetvā thinamiddhanīvaraṇaṃ pajahati , so evaṃ pahīnathinamiddho yathā bandhanā mutto puriso sattāhampi nakkhattassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ anubhavati , evameva dhammanakkhattassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ anubhavanto saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti .

Tasmā bhagavā bandhanā mokkhamiva thinamiddhappahānaṃ āha .

Yathā pana dāso kiñcideva mittaṃ upanissāya sāmikānaṃ dhanaṃ datvā attānaṃ bhujissaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya yaṃ icchati , taṃ karoti .

Evameva bhikkhu –

‘‘ idaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ nāma mahā anatthakaran ’’ ti cha dhamme bhāvetvā uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pajahati .

So evaṃ pahīnauddhaccakukkucco yathā bhujisso puriso yaṃ icchati , taṃ karoti , na taṃ koci balakkārena tato nivattetiM1.194 , evameva yathā sukhaṃ nekkhammapaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjati , na taṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ balakkārena tato nivatteti .

Tasmā bhagavā bhujissaṃ viya uddhaccakukkuccappahānaṃ āha .

Yathā balavā puriso hatthasāraṃ gahetvā sajjāvudho saparivāro kantāraṃ paṭipajjeyya , taṃ corā dūratova disvā palāyeyyuṃ .

So sotthinā taṃ kantāraṃ nittharitvā khemantaṃ patto haṭṭhatuṭṭho assa .

Evameva bhikkhu ‘‘ ayaṃ vicikicchā nāma mahā anatthakārikā ’’ ti cha dhamme bhāvetvā vicikicchaṃ pajahatiP1.217 .

So evaṃ pahīnavicikiccho yathā balavā puriso sajjāvudho saparivāro nibbhayo core tiṇaṃ viya agaṇetvā sotthinā nikkhamitvā khemantabhūmiṃ pāpuṇāti , evameva bhikkhuV1.176 duccaritakantāraṃ nittharitvā paramaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ amataṃ mahānibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti .

Tasmā bhagavā khemantabhūmiṃ viya vicikicchāpahānaṃ āha .

225. Pāmojjaṃ jāyatīti tuṭṭhākāro jāyati .

Pamuditassa pīti jāyatīti tuṭṭhassa sakalasarīraṃ khobhayamānā pīti jāyati .

Pītimanassa kāyo passambhatīti pītisampayuttacittassa puggalassa nāmakāyo passambhati , vigatadaratho hoti .

Sukhaṃ vedetīti kāyikampi cetasikampi sukhaṃ vedayati .

Cittaṃ samādhiyatīti iminā nekkhammasukhena sukhitassa upacāravasenapi appanāvasenapi cittaṃ samādhiyati .

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