Saraṇagamanakathā

Idāni tesu saraṇagamanesu kosallatthaṃ saraṇaṃ , saraṇagamanaṃ , yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati , saraṇagamanappabhedo , saraṇagamanaphalaṃ , saṅkileso , bhedoti , ayaṃ vidhi veditabbo .

Seyyathidaṃ – saraṇatthato tāva hiṃsatīti saraṇaṃ .

Saraṇagatānaṃ teneva saraṇagamanena bhayaṃ santāsaṃ dukkhaṃ duggatiparikilesaṃ hanati vināsetīti attho , ratanattayassevetaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

AthaM1.206 vā hite pavattanena ahitā ca nivattanena sattānaṃ bhayaṃ hiṃsati buddho .

Bhavakantārā uttāraṇena assāsadānena ca dhammo ;

appakānampi kārānaṃ vipulaphalapaṭilābhakaraṇena saṅghoP1.231 .

Tasmā imināpi pariyāyena ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ .

Tappasādataggarutāhi vihatakileso tapparāyaṇatākārappavatto cittuppādo saraṇagamanaṃ .

Taṃ samaṅgīsatto saraṇaṃ gacchati .

Vuttappakārena cittuppādena etāni me tīṇi ratanāni saraṇaṃ , etāni parāyaṇanti evaṃ upetīti attho .

Evaṃ tāva saraṇaṃ , saraṇagamanaṃ , yo ca saraṇaṃ gacchati , idaṃ tayaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Saraṇagamanappabhede pana duvidhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ – lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca .

Tattha lokuttaraṃ diṭṭhasaccānaṃ maggakkhaṇe saraṇagamanupakkilesasamucchedena ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇaṃ hutvā kiccato sakalepi ratanattaye ijjhati .

Lokiyaṃ puthujjanānaṃ saraṇagamanupakkilesavikkhambhanena ārammaṇato buddhādiguṇārammaṇaṃ hutvā ijjhati .

Taṃ atthato buddhādīsu vatthūsu saddhāpaṭilābho saddhāmūlikāV1.187 ca sammādiṭṭhi dasasu puññakiriyavatthūsu diṭṭhijukammanti vuccati .

Tayidaṃ catudhā vattati – attasanniyyātanena , tapparāyaṇatāya , sissabhāvūpagamanena , paṇipātenāti .

Tattha attasanniyyātanaṃ nāma –

‘‘ ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ attānaṃ buddhassa niyyātemi , dhammassa , saṅghassā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīnaṃ attapariccajanaṃ .

Tapparāyaṇatā nāma ‘‘ ajjādiṃ katvā ‘ ahaṃ buddhaparāyaṇo , dhammaparāyaṇo , saṅghaparāyaṇo ’ ti .

Maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ tapparāyaṇabhāvo .

Sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ nāma –

‘‘ ajjādiṃ katvā –

‘ ahaṃ buddhassa antevāsiko , dhammassa , saṅghassa antevāsiko ’ ti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ sissabhāvūpagamo .

Paṇipāto nāma –

‘‘ ajjādiṃ katvā ahaṃ abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammaṃ buddhādīnaṃyeva tiṇṇaṃ vatthūnaṃ karomī ’ ti maṃ dhārethā ’’ ti evaṃ buddhādīsu paramanipaccākāro .

Imesañhi catunnaṃ ākārānaṃ aññatarampi karontena gahitaṃyeva hoti saraṇaṃ .

Api ca bhagavato attānaṃ pariccajāmi , dhammassa , saṅghassa , attānaṃ pariccajāmi , jīvitaṃ pariccajāmi , pariccattoyevaP1.232 me attā , pariccattaṃyeva jīvitaṃ , jīvitapariyantikaṃ buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi , buddho me saraṇaṃ leṇaṃ tāṇantiM1.207 ;

evampi attasanniyyātanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

‘‘ Satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ , bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ , sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ , bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ , sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ , bhagavantameva passeyyan ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.154).

Evampi mahākassapassa saraṇagamanaṃ viya sissabhāvūpagamanaṃ veditabbaṃ .

‘‘ So ahaṃ vicarissāmi , gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ ;

Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ , dhammassa ca sudhammatan ’’ ti .( su . ni .194);

Evampi āḷavakādīnaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ viya tapparāyaṇatā veditabbā .

Atha kho brahmāyu brāhmaṇo uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavato pādāni mukhena ca paricumbati , pāṇīhi ca parisambāhati , nāmañca sāveti –

‘‘ brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama brāhmaṇo , brahmāyu ahaṃ , bho gotama brāhmaṇo ’’ ti ( ma . ni .2.394) evampi paṇipāto daṭṭhabbo .

So panesa ñātibhayācariyadakkhiṇeyyavasena catubbidho hoti .

Tattha dakkhiṇeyyapaṇipātena saraṇagamanaṃ hoti , na itarehi .

Seṭṭhavaseneva hi saraṇaṃ gaṇhāti , seṭṭhavasenaV1.188 ca bhijjati .

Tasmā yo sākiyo vā koliyo vā –

‘‘ buddho amhākaṃ ñātako ’’ ti vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .

Yo vā –

‘‘ samaṇo gotamo rājapūjito mahānubhāvo avandīyamāno anatthampi kareyyā ’’ ti bhayena vandati , aggahitameva hoti saraṇaṃ .

Yo vā bodhisattakāle bhagavato santike kiñci uggahitaṃ saramāno buddhakāle vā –

‘‘ Catudhā vibhaje bhoge , paṇḍito gharamāvasaṃ ;

Ekena bhogaṃ bhuñjeyya , dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye ;

Catutthañca nidhāpeyya , āpadāsu bhavissatī ’’ ti .( dī . ni .3.265);

Evarūpaṃ anusāsaniṃ uggahetvā –

‘‘ ācariyo me ’’ ti vandati , aggahitamevaP1.233 hoti saraṇaṃ .

Yo pana –

‘‘ ayaṃ loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo ’’ ti vandati , teneva gahitaṃ hoti saraṇaṃ .

Evaṃ gahitasaraṇassa ca upāsakassa vā upāsikāya vā aññatitthiyesu pabbajitampi ñātiṃ –

‘‘ ñātako me ayan ’’ ti vandato saraṇagamanaṃ naM1.208 bhijjati , pageva apabbajitaṃ .

Tathā rājānaṃ bhayavasena vandato .

So hi raṭṭhapūjitattā avandīyamāno anatthampi kareyyāti .

Tathā yaṃ kiñci sippaṃ sikkhāpakaṃ titthiyampi –

‘‘ ācariyo me ayan ’’ ti vandatopi na bhijjati , evaṃ saraṇagamanappabhedo veditabbo .

Ettha ca lokuttarassa saraṇagamanassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni vipākaphalaṃ , sabbadukkhakkhayo ānisaṃsaphalaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca , saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato ;

Cattāri ariyasaccāni , sammappaññāya passati .

Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ , dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ ;

Ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ , dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ .

Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ , etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ ;

Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma , sabbadukkhā pamuccatī ’’ ti .( dha . pa .192);

ApiV1.189 ca niccādito anupagamanādivasena petassa ānisaṃsaphalaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso , yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya … pe … kañci saṅkhāraṃ sukhato … pe … kañci dhammaṃ attato upagaccheyya … pe … mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya … pe … pitaraṃ … pe … arahantaṃ … pe … paduṭṭhacitto tathāgatassa lohitaṃ uppādeyya … pe ….

saṅghaṃ bhindeyya … pe … aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddiseyya , netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.290).

Lokiyassa pana saraṇagamanassa bhavasampadāpi bhogasampadāpi phalameva .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse , na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ ;

Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ , devakāyaṃ paripūressantī ’’ ti .( saṃ . ni .1.37);

AparampiP1.234 vuttaṃ –

‘‘ atha kho sakko devānamindo asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami … pe … ekamantaṃ ṭhitaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca –

‘‘ sādhu kho , devānaminda , buddhaṃ saraṇagamanaṃ hoti .

Buddhaṃ saraṇagamanahetu kho , devānaminda , evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃM1.209 maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti … pe … te aññe deve dasahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhanti – dibbena āyunā , dibbena vaṇṇena , dibbena sukhena , dibbena yasena , dibbena ādhipateyyena , dibbehi rūpehi saddehi gandhehi rasehi phoṭṭhabbehī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.341).

Esa nayo dhamme ca saṅghe ca .

Api ca velāmasuttādīnaṃ vasenāpi saraṇagamanassa phalaviseso veditabbo .

Evaṃ saraṇagamanassa phalaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Tattha ca lokiyasaraṇagamanaṃ tīsu vatthūsu aññāṇasaṃsayamicchāñāṇādīhi saṃkilissati , na mahājutikaṃ hoti , na mahāvipphāraṃ .

Lokuttarassa natthi saṃkileso .

Lokiyassa ca saraṇagamanassa duvidho bhedo – sāvajjo ca anavajjo ca .

Tattha sāvajjo aññasatthārādīsu attasanniyyātanādīhi hoti , so ca aniṭṭhaphalo hoti .

Anavajjo kālakiriyāya hoti , so avipākattā aphalo .

Lokuttarassa pana nevatthi bhedo .

Bhavantarepi hi ariyasāvako aññaṃ satthāraṃ na uddisatīti .

Evaṃ saraṇagamanassa saṃkileso ca bhedo ca veditabboti .

Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhante bhagavā dhāretūti maṃ bhagavā ‘‘ upāsako ayan ’’ ti evaṃ dhāretu , jānātūti attho .

Upāsakavidhikosallatthaṃ panettha – ko upāsako ?

Kasmā upāsakoti vuccatiV1.190 ?

Kimassa sīlaṃ ?

Ko ājīvo ?

Kā vipatti ?

Kā sampattīti ?

Idaṃ pakiṇṇakaṃ veditabbaṃ .

Tattha ko upāsakoti yo koci saraṇagato gahaṭṭho .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ yato kho , mahānāma , buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti , dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti , saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti .

Ettāvatā kho , mahānāma , upāsako hotī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1033).

Kasmā upāsakoti ratanattayaṃ upāsanato .

So hi buddhaṃ upāsatīti upāsako , tathā dhammaṃ saṃghaṃ .

KimassaP1.235 sīlan ti pañca veramaṇiyo .

Yathāha –

‘‘ yato kho , mahānāma , upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti , adinnādānā … kāmesumicchācārā … musāvādā … surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti , ettāvatā kho , mahānāma , upāsako sīlavā hotī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .5.1033).

KoM1.210 ājīvoti pañca micchāvaṇijjā pahāya dhammena samena jīvitakappanaṃ .

Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘ pañcimā , bhikkhave , vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā .

Katamā pañca ?

Satthavaṇijjā , sattavaṇijjā , maṃsavaṇijjā , majjavaṇijjā , visavaṇijjā .

Imā kho , bhikkhave , pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.177).

Kā vipattīti yā tasseva sīlassa ca ājīvassa ca vipatti , ayamassa vipatti .

Api ca yāya esa caṇḍālo ceva hoti , malañca patikuṭṭho ca , sāpissa vipattīti veditabbā .

Te ca atthato assaddhiyādayo pañca dhammā honti .

Yathāha –

‘‘ pañcahi , bhikkhave , dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti , upāsakamalañca , upāsakapatikuṭṭho ca .

Katamehi pañcahi ?

Assaddho hoti , dussīlo hoti , kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti , maṅgalaṃ pacceti , no kammaṃ , ito ca bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyesati , tattha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.175).

Kā sampattīti yā cassa sīlasampadā ceva ājīvasampadā ca , sā sampatti ;

ye cassa ratanabhāvādikarā saddhādayo pañca dhammā .

Yathāha –

‘‘ pañcahi , bhikkhave , dhammehi samannāgato upāsakoV1.191 upāsakaratanañca hoti , upāsakapadumañca , upāsakapuṇḍarīkañca .

Katamehi pañcahi ?

Saddho hoti , sīlavā hoti , na kotūhalamaṅgaliko hoti , kammaṃ pacceti , no maṅgalaṃ , na ito bahiddhā dakkhiṇeyyaṃ gavesati , idha ca pubbakāraṃ karotī ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.175).

Ajjataggeti etthāyaṃ agga saddo ādikoṭikoṭṭhāsaseṭṭhesu dissati .

‘‘ Ajjatagge , samma dovārika , āvarāmi dvāraṃ nigaṇṭhānaṃ nigaṇṭhīnan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.70) hi ādimhi dissati .

‘‘ Teneva aṅgulaggena taṃ aṅgulaggaṃ parāmaseyyaP1.236 .

Ucchaggaṃ veḷaggan ’’ tiādīsu ( kathā .281) koṭiyaṃ .

‘‘ Ambilaggaṃ vā madhuraggaṃ vā tittakaggaṃ vā vihāraggena vā pariveṇaggena vā bhājetun ’’ tiādīsu ( cūḷava .317) koṭṭhāse .

‘‘ Yāvatā , bhikkhave , sattā apadā vā … pe … tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyatī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.34) seṭṭhe .

Idha panāyaṃ ādimhi daṭṭhabbo .

Tasmā ajjataggeti ajjataṃ ādiṃ katvāti evametthattho veditabbo .

Ajjatan tiM1.211 ajjabhāvaṃ .

Ajjadaggeti vā pāṭho , dakāro padasandhikaro .

Ajja agganti attho .

Pāṇupetan ti pāṇehi upetaṃ .

Yāva me jīvitaṃ pavattati , tāva upetaṃ anaññasatthukaṃ tīhi saraṇagamanehi saraṇaṃ gataṃ upāsakaṃ kappiyakārakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu jānātu .

Ahañhi sacepi me tikhiṇena asinā sīsaṃ chindeyya , neva buddhaṃ ‘‘ na buddho ’’ ti vā , dhammaṃ ‘‘ na dhammo ’’ ti vā , saṅghaṃ ‘‘ na saṅgho ’’ ti vā vadeyyanti .

Evaṃ attasanniyyātanena saraṇaṃ gantvā attanā kataṃ aparādhaṃ pakāsento accayo maṃ , bhantetiādimāha .

Tattha accayoti aparādho .

Maṃ accagamāti maṃ atikkamma abhibhavitvā pavatto .

Dhammikaṃ dhammarājānan ti ettha dhammaṃ caratīti dhammiko .

Dhammeneva rājā jāto , na pitughātanādinā adhammenāti dhammarājā .

Jīvitā voropesin ti jīvitā viyojesiṃ .

Paṭiggaṇhātūti khamatu .

Āyatiṃ saṃvarāyāti anāgate saṃvaratthāya .

Puna evarūpassa aparādhassa dosassa khalitassa akaraṇatthāya .

251. Tagghāti ekaṃse nipāto .

Yathā dhammaṃ paṭikarosīti yathā dhammo ṭhito tatheva karosi , khamāpesīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Taṃ te mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāmāti taṃ tava aparādhaṃ mayaṃ khamāma .

Vuḍḍhihesā , mahārāja ariyassa vinayeti esā , mahārāja , ariyassa vinaye buddhassa bhagavatoV1.192 sāsane vuḍḍhi nāma .

Katamā ?

Yāyaṃ accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaritvāP1.237 āyatiṃ saṃvarāpajjanā , desanaṃ pana puggalādhiṭṭhānaṃ karonto –

‘‘ yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti , āyatiṃ saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī ’’ ti āha .

252. Evaṃ vutteti evaṃ bhagavatā vutte .

Handa ca dāni mayaṃ bhanteti ettha handāti vacasāyatthe nipāto .

So hi gamanavacasāyaṃ katvā evamāha .

Bahukiccāti balavakiccā .

Bahukaraṇīyāti tasseva vevacanaṃ .

Yassadāni tvan ti yassa idāni tvaṃ mahārāja gamanassa kālaṃ maññasi jānāsi , tassa kālaṃ tvameva jānāsīti vuttaṃ hoti .

Padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmīti tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjaliṃM1.212 sirasi patiṭṭhapetvā yāva dassanavisayaṃ bhagavato abhimukhova paṭikkamitvā dassanavijahanaṭṭhānabhūmiyaṃ pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā pakkāmi .

253. Khatāyaṃ , bhikkhave , rājāti khato ayaṃ , bhikkhave , rājā .

Upahatāyan ti upahato ayaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ayaṃ , bhikkhave , rājā khato upahato bhinnapatiṭṭho jāto , tathānena attanāva attā khato , yathā attano patiṭṭhā na jātāti .

Virajan ti rāgarajādivirahitaṃ .

Rāgamalādīnaṃyeva vigatattā vītamalaṃ .

Dhammacakkhun ti dhammesu vā cakkhuṃ , dhammamayaṃ vā cakkhuṃ , aññesu ṭhānesu tiṇṇaṃ maggānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ .

Idha pana sotāpattimaggasseva .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – sace iminā pitā ghātito nābhavissa , idāni idhevāsane nisinno sotāpattimaggaṃ patto abhavissa , pāpamittasaṃsaggena panassa antarāyo jāto .

Evaṃ santepi yasmā ayaṃ tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ gato , tasmā mama sāsanamahantatāya yathā nāma koci purisassa vadhaṃ katvā pupphamuṭṭhimattena daṇḍena mucceyya , evameva lohakumbhiyaṃ nibbattitvāP1.238 tiṃsavassasahassāni adho patanto heṭṭhimatalaṃ patvā tiṃsavassasahassāni uddhaṃ gacchanto punapi uparimatalaṃ pāpuṇitvā muccissatīti idampi kira bhagavatā vuttameva , pāḷiyaṃ pana na ārūḷhaṃ .

Idaṃ pana suttaṃ sutvā raññā koci ānisaṃso laddhoti ?

Mahāānisaṃso laddho .

Ayañhi pitu māritakālato paṭṭhāya neva rattiṃ na divā niddaṃ labhati , satthāraṃ pana upasaṅkamitvā imāya madhurāya ojavantiyā dhammadesanāya sutakālato paṭṭhāya niddaṃ labhi .

Tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ akāsi .

Pothujjanikāya saddhāya samannāgato nāma iminā raññā sadiso nāhosi .

Anāgate pana vijitāvī nāma paccekabuddho hutvā parinibbāyissatītiV1.193 .

Idamavoca bhagavā .

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti .

Iti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ

Sāmaññaphalasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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