1. Devatāsaṃyuttaṃ

1. Naḷavaggo

1. Oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanā

TatthaV1.4M1.3 saṃyuttāgamo nāma sagāthāvaggo , nidānavaggo , khandhakavaggo , saḷāyatanavaggo , mahāvaggoti pañcavaggo hoti .

Suttato –

‘‘ Satta suttasahassāni , satta suttasatāni ca ;

Dvāsaṭṭhi ceva suttāni , eso saṃyuttasaṅgaho ’’.

BhāṇavāratoP1.3 bhāṇavārasataṃ hoti .

Tassa vaggesu sagāthāvaggo ādi , suttesu oghataraṇasuttaṃ .

Tassāpi ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttaṃ nidānamādi .

Sā panesā paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāya ādimhi vitthāritā , tasmā sā tattha vitthāritanayeneva veditabbā .

1. YaṃP1.4 panetaṃ ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ tiādikaṃ nidānaṃ , tattha evan ti nipātapadaṃ .

Metiādīni nāmapadāni .

Sāvatthiyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ , haratīti ākhyātapadanti iminā tāva nayena padavibhāgo veditabbo .

Atthato pana evaṃ saddo tāva upamūpadesa-sampahaṃsana-garahaṇa-vacanasampaṭiggahākāranidassanāvadhāraṇādi-anekatthappabhedo .

Tathā hesa –

‘‘ evaṃ jātena maccena , kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahun ’’ ti ( dha . pa .53) evamādīsu upamāyaṃ āgato .

‘‘ Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃV1.5 , evaṃ te paṭikkamitabban ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.122) upadese .

‘‘ Evametaṃ bhagavā , evametaṃ sugatā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) sampahaṃsane .

‘‘ Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.187) garahaṇe .

‘‘ Evaṃ , bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosun ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe .

‘‘ Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ , bhante , bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.398) ākāreM1.4 .

‘‘ Ehi tvaṃ māṇavaka , yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama ;

upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha –

‘ subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī ’ ti .

Evañca vadehi –

‘ sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassaP1.5 todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ , tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā ’ ti ’’ ādīsu ( dī . ni .1.445) nidassane .

‘‘ Taṃ kiṃ maññatha kālāmā , ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vāti ?

Akusalā , bhante .

Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vāti ?

Sāvajjā , bhante .

Viññugarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vāti ?

Viññugarahitā , bhante .

Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti vā no vā , kathaṃ vo ettha hotīti ?

Samattā , bhante , samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti , evaṃ no ettha hotī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.66) avadhāraṇe .

Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo .

Tattha ākāratthena evaṃ saddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇaṃ anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanā paṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ ?

Sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti .

Nidassanatthena –

‘‘ nāhaṃ sayambhū , na mayā idaṃ sacchikatan ’’ ti attānaṃ parimocento –

‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , mayāpi evaṃ sutan ’’ ti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalasuttaṃ nidasseti .

Avadhāraṇatthena –

‘‘ etadaggaṃ , bhikkhave , mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando , gatimantānaṃ , satimantānaṃ , dhitimantānaṃ , upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.220-223) evaṃV1.6 bhagavatā –

‘‘ āyasmā ānando atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo ’’ ti ( a . ni .5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti –

‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ , tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ , evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabban ’’ ti .

Me saddoM1.5 tīsu atthesu dissati .

Tathā hissa –

‘‘ gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyyan ’’ tiādīsu ( su . ni .81) mayāti attho .

‘‘ Sādhu me , bhante , bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetūP1.6 ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .4.88) mayhanti attho .

‘‘ Dhammadāyādā me , bhikkhave , bhavathā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.29) mamāti attho .

Idha pana ‘‘ mayā sutan ’’ ti ca ‘‘ mama sutan ’’ ti ca atthadvaye yujjati .

Sutan ti ayaṃ suta saddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamana-vissuta-kilinnaupacitānuyoga-sotaviññeyya-sotadvārānusāraviññātādianekatthappabhedo .

Tathā hissa –

‘‘ senāya pasuto ’’ tiādīsu gacchantoti attho .

‘‘ Sutadhammassa passato ’’ tiādīsu ( udā .11) vissutadhammassāti attho .

‘‘ Avassutā avassutassā ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .657) kilinnākilinnassāti attho .

‘‘ Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappakan ’’ tiādīsu ( khu . pā .7.12) upacitanti attho .

‘‘ Ye jhānapasutā dhīrā ’’ tiādīsu ( dha . pa .181) jhānānuyuttāti attho .

‘‘ Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutan ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho .

‘‘ Sutadharo sutasannicayo ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho .

Idha panassa sotadvārānusārena upadhāritanti vā upadhāraṇanti vā attho .

Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati –

‘‘ evaṃ mayā sutaṃ , sotadvārānusārena upadhāritan ’’ ti yujjati .

Mamāti atthe sati –

‘‘ evaṃ mama sutaṃ , sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇan ’’ ti yujjati .

Evametesu tīsu padesu evan ti sotaviññāṇādiviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ .

Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgipuggalanidassanaṃ .

Sutan ti assavanabhāvapaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ .

Tathā evan ti tassa sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānappakārena ārammaṇeV1.7 pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ .

Meti attappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti dhammappakāsanaṃ .

Ayañhettha saṅkhepo –

‘‘ nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ , idaṃ pana kataṃ , ayaṃ dhammo suto ’’ ti .

TathāM1.6 evan ti niddisitabbappakāsanaṃ .

Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ .

Sutan ti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ .

Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti –

‘‘ yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi , taṃ mayā evaṃ sutan ’’ ti .

Tathā evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanagahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddesoP1.7 .

Evan ti hi ayaṃ ākārapaññatti .

Meti kattuniddeso .

Sutan ti visayaniddeso .

Ettāvatā nānākārappavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattuvisaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ kataṃ hoti .

Atha vā evan ti puggalakiccaniddeso .

Sutan ti viññāṇakiccaniddeso .

Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso .

Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo –

‘‘ mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutan ’’ ti .

Tattha evan ti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti .

Kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi , yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha .

Sutan ti vijjamānapaññatti .

Yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ , taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti .

Tathā evan ti ca meti ca taṃ taṃ upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti .

Sutan ti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti .

Ettha ca evan ti vacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti .

Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti .

Sutan ti vacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti .

Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti , na so kālantarena mayā sutanti paṭijānāti .

Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi , asammosena pana satisiddhi .

Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā , satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthapaṭivedhasamatthatāV1.8 .

Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthato dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi .

Aparo nayo – evan ti vacanena yoniso manasikāraṃ dīpeti , ayoniso manasikaroto hi nānappakārapaṭivedhābhāvato .

Sutan ti vacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato .

Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘ na mayā sutaṃ , punaM1.7 bhaṇathā ’’ ti bhaṇati .

Yoniso manasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti , sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato .

AvikkhepenaP1.8 saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti .

Na hi vikkhittacitto sotuṃ sakkoti , na ca sappurise anupanissayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti .

Aparo nayo – yasmā ‘‘ evan ti yassa cittasantānassa nānākārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti , tassa nānākāraniddeso ’’ ti vuttaṃ , so ca evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattano pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti , tasmā evan ti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti .

Sutan ti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ .

Na hi appatirūpadese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa vā savanaṃ atthi .

Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti , purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi , tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi , payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi .

Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato , yoniso manasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa , arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutan tiādimāha .

Aparo nayo – evan ti iminā nānappakārapaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti .

Sutan ti iminā sotabbabhedapaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ .

Evan ti ca idaṃ yoniso manasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ ete mayā dhammā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā ’’ ti dīpeti .

Sutan ti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno –

‘‘ bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā ’’ ti dīpeti .

Tadubhayenapi atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti .

AtthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhiV1.9 dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatāP1.9 hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabboti .

EvaṃM1.8 me sutan ti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati , sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati .

Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti , saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

‘‘ Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā , tasseva pana bhagavato vacanan ’’ ti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti , satthāraṃ apadisati , jinavacanaṃ appeti , dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti .

Apica ‘‘ evaṃ me sutan ’’ ti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimavacanaṃ vivaranto –

‘‘ sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa vacanaṃ , na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā ’’ ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti , saddhāsampadaṃ uppādetīti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ Vināsayati assaddhaṃ , saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane ;

Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ , vadaṃ gotamasāvako ’’ ti .

Ekan ti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso .

Samayan ti paricchinnaniddeso .

Ekaṃ samayan ti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ .

Tattha samaya saddo –

‘‘ Samavāye khaṇe kāle , samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu ;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca , paṭivedhe ca dissati ’’.

Tathā hissa ‘‘ appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .1.447) samavāyo attho .

‘‘ Ekova kho , bhikkhave , khaṇo ca samayoV1.10 ca brahmacariyavāsāyā ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .8.29) khaṇo .

‘‘ Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo ’’ tiādīsu ( pāci .358) kālo .

‘‘ MahāsamayoP1.10 pavanasmin ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.332) samūho .

‘‘ Samayopi kho te , bhaddāli , appaṭividdho ahosi , bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati , bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati –

‘ bhaddāli , nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya aparipūrakārī ’ ti .

Ayampi kho teM1.9 , bhaddāli , samayo appaṭividdho ahosī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.135) hetu .

‘‘ Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .2.260) diṭṭhi .

‘‘ Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho , yo cattho samparāyiko ;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro , paṇḍitoti pavuccatī ’’ ti .

–

Ādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.129) paṭilābho .

‘‘ Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā ’’ tiādīsu ( ma . ni .1.28) pahānaṃ .

‘‘ Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho ’’ tiādīsu ( paṭi . ma .2.8) paṭivedho .

Idha panassa kālo attho .

Tena saṃvacchara-utu-māsaḍḍhamāsa-ratti-diva-pubbaṇha-majjhanhika-sāyanha-paṭhamamajjhimapacchimayāma-muhuttādīsu kālappabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Tattha kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya .

Yasmā pana ‘‘ evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā ’’ ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā , bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti , tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya suppakāsāP1.11 anekakālappabhedāV1.11 eva samayā .

Tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti .

Yo cāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo , attahitaparahitapaṭipattisamayesu parahitapaṭipattisamayoM1.10 , sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammikathāsamayo , desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo , tesupi samayesu aññataraṃ sandhāya ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti āha .

Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaran ’’ ti ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘ yasmiṃ samaye , bhikkhave , bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehī ’’ ti ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato , vinaye ca ‘‘ tena samayena buddho bhagavā ’’ ti karaṇavacanena , tathā akatvā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti upayogavacanena niddeso katoti .

Tattha tathā , idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato .

Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu suttapadesu ca adhikaraṇattho bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo , tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa ca samayassa bhāvena tesaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati .

Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha bhummavacananiddeso kato .

Vinaye ca hetuattho karaṇattho ca sambhavati .

Yo hi so sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo sāriputtādīhipi dubbiññeyyo , tena samayena hetubhūtena karaṇabhūtena ca sikkhāpadāni paññāpayanto sikkhāpadapaññattihetuñca apekkhamāno bhagavā tattha tattha vihāsi .

Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ tattha karaṇavacanena niddeso kato .

Idha pana aññasmiṃ ca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati .

Yañhi samayaṃ bhagavā imaṃ aññaṃ vā suttantaṃ desesi , accantameva taṃ samayaṃ karuṇāvihārena vihāsi .

Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacananiddeso katoti .

Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘ Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā , bhummena karaṇena ca ;

Aññatra samayo vutto , upayogena so idhā ’’ ti .

PorāṇāV1.12P1.12 pana vaṇṇayanti –

‘‘ tasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti vā ‘‘ tena samayenā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa , sabbattha bhummamevaM1.11 atthoti .

Tasmā ‘‘ ekaṃ samayan ’’ ti vuttepi ‘‘ ekasmiṃ samaye ’’ ti attho veditabbo .

Bhagavāti garu .

Garuṃ hi loke ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti vadanti .

Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu , tasmā ‘‘ bhagavā ’’ ti veditabbo .

Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘ Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ , bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ ;

Garu gāravayutto so , bhagavā tena vuccatī ’’ ti .( visuddhi .1.142);

Apica –

‘‘ Bhagyavā bhaggavā yutto , bhagehi ca vibhattavā ;

Bhattavā vantagamano , bhavesu bhagavā tato ’’ ti .

–

Imissā gāthāya vasenassa padassa vitthārato attho veditabbo .

So ca visuddhimagge ( visuddhi .1.144) buddhānussatiniddese vuttoyeva .

Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutan ti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ dassento bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti .

Tena ‘‘ nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ , ayaṃ vo satthā ’’ ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti .

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti .

Tena ‘‘ evaṃvidhassa nāma ariyadhammassa desako dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto , kena aññena jīvite āsā janetabbā ’’ ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti , saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti .

Evan ti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati .

Me sutan ti sāvakasampattiṃ .

Ekaṃ samayan ti kālasampattiṃ .

Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ .

Sāvatthiyan ti evaṃnāmake nagare .

Samīpatthe cetaṃ bhummavacanaṃ .

ViharatītiP1.13 avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresuV1.13 aññataravihārasamaṅgīparidīpanametaṃ .

Idha pana ṭhānagamananisajjāsayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu aññatarairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃM1.12 , tena ṭhitopi gacchantopi nisinnopi sayānopi bhagavā viharaticceva veditabbo .

So hi ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti , tasmā ‘‘ viharatī ’’ ti vuccati .

Jetavaneti jetassa rājakumārassa vane .

Tañhi tena ropitaṃ saṃvaḍḍhitaṃ paripālitaṃ ahosi , tasmā ‘‘ jetavanan ’’ ti saṅkhaṃ gataṃ .

Tasmiṃ jetavane .

Anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmeti anāthapiṇḍikena gahapatinā catupaññāsahiraññakoṭipariccāgena buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niyyātitattā ‘‘ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo ’’ ti saṅkhaṃ gate ārāme .

Ayamettha saṅkhepo , vitthāro pana papañcasūdaniyā majjhimaṭṭhakathāya sabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ ( ma . ni . aṭṭha .1.14) vutto .

Tattha siyā – yadi tāva bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati ,‘‘ jetavane ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ .

Atha tattha viharati ,‘‘ sāvatthiyan ’’ ti na vattabbaṃ .

Na hi sakkā ubhayattha ekaṃ samayaṃ viharitunti .

Na kho panetaṃ evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ .

Nanu avocumha ‘‘ samīpatthe bhummavacanan ’’ ti .

Tasmā yathā gaṅgāyamunādīnaṃ samīpe goyūthāni carantāni ‘‘ gaṅgāyaṃ caranti , yamunāyaṃ carantī ’’ ti vuccati , evamidhāpi yadidaṃ sāvatthiyā samīpe jetavanaṃ , tattha viharanto vuccati ‘‘ sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane ’’ ti .

Gocaragāmanidassanatthaṃ hissa sāvatthivacanaṃ , pabbajitānurūpanivāsaṭṭhānanidassanatthaṃ sesavacanaṃ .

Aññatarā devatāti nāmagottavasena apākaṭā ekā devatāti attho .

‘‘ Abhijānāti no , bhante , bhagavā ahu ñātaññatarassa mahesakkhassa yakkhassa saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ bhāsitā ’’ ti ettha pana abhiññāto sakkopi devarājā ‘‘ aññataro ’’ ti vutto .

‘‘ Devatā ’’ tiP1.14 ca idaṃ devānampi devadhītānampi sādhāraṇavacanaṃ .

Imasmiṃ panatthe devo adhippeto , so ca kho rūpāvacarānaṃ devānaṃ aññataro .

Abhikkantāya rattiyāti ettha abhikkanta-saddo khayasundarābhirūpaabbhānumodanādīsu dissatiV1.14 .

Tattha ‘‘ abhikkantā , bhante , ratti , nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmoM1.13 , ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho , uddisatu , bhante , bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .8.20; cūḷava .383) khaye dissati .

‘‘ Ayaṃ imesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .4.100) sundare .

‘‘ Ko me vandati pādāni , iddhiyā yasasā jalaṃ ;

Abhikkantena vaṇṇena , sabbā obhāsayaṃ disā ’’ ti .

–

Evamādīsu ( vi . va .857) abhirūpe .

‘‘ Abhikkantaṃ bho gotama , abhikkantaṃ bho gotamā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .15) abbhānumodane .

Idha pana khaye .

Tena abhikkantāya rattiyā , parikkhīṇāya rattiyāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Tatthāyaṃ devaputto majjhimayāmasamanantare āgatoti veditabbo .

Niyāmo hi kiresa devatānaṃ yadidaṃ buddhānaṃ vā buddhasāvakānaṃ vā upaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchantā majjhimayāmasamanantareyeva āgacchanti .

Abhikkantavaṇṇāti idha abhikkanta -saddo abhirūpe , vaṇṇa -saddo pana chavithuti-kulavagga-kāraṇa-saṇṭhānappamāṇa-rūpāyatanādīsu dissati .

Tattha ‘‘ suvaṇṇavaṇṇosi bhagavā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( su . ni .553) chaviyā .

‘‘ Kadā saññūḷhā pana te , gahapati , ime samaṇassa vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .2.77) thutiyaṃ .

‘‘ Cattārome , bho gotama , vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( dī . ni .3.115) kulavagge .

‘‘ Atha kena nu vaṇṇena , gandhathenoti vuccatī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.234) kāraṇe .

‘‘ Mahantaṃ hatthirājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.138) saṇṭhāne .

‘‘ Tayo pattassa vaṇṇā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .602) pamāṇe .

‘‘ Vaṇṇo gandho raso ojā ’’ ti evamādīsu rūpāyatane .

So idha chaviyā daṭṭhabbo .

Tena abhikkantavaṇṇā abhirūpacchavi , iṭṭhavaṇṇā manāpavaṇṇāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Devatā hi manussalokaṃ āgacchamānā pakativaṇṇaṃ pakatiiddhiṃ jahitvā oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ katvāP1.15 atirekavaṇṇaṃ atirekaiddhiṃ māpetvā naṭasamajjādīni gacchantā manussā viya abhisaṅkhatena kāyena āgacchanti .

Tattha kāmāvacarā anabhisaṅkhatenapi āgantuṃ sakkonti , rūpāvacarā pana naM1.14 sakkonti .

Tesañhi atisukhumo attabhāvo , na tenaV1.15 iriyāpathakappanaṃ hoti .

Tasmā ayaṃ devaputto abhisaṅkhateneva āgato .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ abhikkantavaṇṇā ’’ ti .

Kevalakappan ti ettha kevala -saddo anavasesa-yebhuyyābyāmissānatirekadaḷhatthavisaṃyogādianekattho .

Tathā hissa ‘‘ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyan ’’ ti evamādīsu ( pārā .1) anavasesatthamattho .

‘‘ Kevalakappā ca aṅgamagadhā pahūtaṃ khādanīyabhojanīyaṃ ādāya upasaṅkamissantī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .43) yebhuyyatā .

‘‘ Kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( vibha .225) abyāmissatā .

‘‘ Kevalaṃ saddhāmattakaṃ nūna ayamāyasmā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( mahāva .244) anatirekatā .

‘‘ Āyasmato , bhante , anuruddhassa bāhiyo nāma saddhivihāriko kevalakappaṃ saṅghabhedāya ṭhito ’’ ti evamādīsu ( a . ni .4.243) daḷhatthatā .

‘‘ Kevalī vusitavā uttamapurisoti vuccatī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .3.57) visaṃyogo attho .

Idha panassa anavasesattho adhippeto .

Kappa -saddo panāyaṃ abhisaddahana-vohāra-kāla-paññatti-chedana-vikappa-lesasamantabhāvādianekattho .

Tathā hissa ‘‘ okappaniyametaṃ bhoto gotamassa , yathā taṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .1.387) abhisaddahanamattho .

‘‘ Anujānāmi , bhikkhave , pañcahi samaṇakappehi phalaṃ paribhuñjitun ’’ ti evamādīsu ( cūḷava .250) vohāro .

‘‘ Yena sudaṃ niccakappaṃ viharāmī ’’ ti evamādīsu ( ma . ni .1.387) kālo .

‘‘ Iccāyasmā kappo ’’ ti evamādīsu paññatti .

‘‘ Alaṅkato kappitakesamassū ’’ ti evamādīsu ( vi . va .1094,1101) chedanaṃ .

‘‘ Kappati dvaṅgulakappo ’’ ti evamādīsu ( cūḷava .446) vikappo .

‘‘ Ātthi kappo nipajjitun ’’ tiP1.16 evamādīsu ( a . ni .8.80) leso .

‘‘ Kevalakappaṃ veḷuvanaṃ obhāsetvā ’’ ti evamādīsu ( saṃ . ni .1.94) samantabhāvo .

Idha panassa samantabhāvattho adhippeto .

Tasmā kevalakappaṃ jetavanan ti ettha ‘‘ anavasesaṃ samantato jetavanan ’’ ti evamattho daṭṭhabbo .

ObhāsetvātiM1.15 vatthālaṅkārasarīrasamuṭṭhitāya ābhāya pharitvā , candimā viya sūriyo viya ca ekobhāsaṃ ekapajjotaṃ karitvāti attho .

YenātiV1.16 bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ .

Yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamīti tasmā ‘‘ yattha bhagavā , tattha upasaṅkamī ’’ ti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Yena vā kāraṇena bhagavā devamanussehi upasaṅkamitabbo , tena kāraṇena upasaṅkamīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Kena ca kāraṇena bhagavā upasaṅkamitabbo ?

Nānappakāraguṇavisesādhigamādhippāyena , sāduphalūpabhogādhippāyena dijagaṇehi niccaphalitamahārukkho viya .

Upasaṅkamīti ca gatāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Upasaṅkamitvāti upasaṅkamanapariyosānadīpanaṃ .

Atha vā evaṃ gatā tato āsannataraṃ ṭhānaṃ bhagavato samīpasaṅkhātaṃ gantvātipi vuttaṃ hoti .

Idāni yenatthena loke aggapuggalassa upaṭṭhānaṃ āgatā , taṃ pucchitukāmā dasanakhasamodhānasamujjalaṃ añjuliṃ sirasi patiṭṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi .

Ekamantan ti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso –

‘‘ visamaṃ candimasūriyā parivattantī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .4.70) viya .

Tasmā yathā ṭhitā ekamantaṃ ṭhitā hoti , tathā aṭṭhāsīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo .

Bhummatthe vā etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ .

Aṭṭhāsīti ṭhānaṃ kappesi .

Paṇḍitā hi devamanussā garuṭṭhāniyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā āsanakusalatāya ekamantaṃ tiṭṭhanti , ayañca devo tesaṃ aññataro , tasmā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi .

Kathaṃ ṭhito pana ekamantaṃ ṭhito hotīti ?

Cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā .

Seyyathidaṃ – atidūraṃ , accāsannaṃ , uparivātaṃP1.17 , unnatappadesaṃ , atisammukhaṃ , atipacchāti .

Atidūre ṭhito hi sace kathetukāmo hoti , uccāsaddena kathetabbaṃ hoti .

Accāsanne ṭhito saṅghaṭṭanaṃ karoti .

Uparivāte ṭhito sarīragandhena bādhati .

Unnatappadese ṭhito agāravaṃ pakāseti .

Atisammukhā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti , cakkhunā cakkhuṃ āhacca daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti .

Atipacchā ṭhito sace daṭṭhukāmo hoti , gīvaṃ pasāretvā daṭṭhabbaṃ hoti .

Tasmā ayampi ete cha ṭhānadose vajjetvā aṭṭhāsi .

Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsī ’’ ti .

EtadavocātiM1.16 etaṃ avoca .

Kathaṃ nūti kāraṇapucchā .

Bhagavato hi tiṇṇoghabhāvo dasasahassilokadhātuyā pākaṭo , tenimissā devatāya tattha kaṅkhā natthi , iminā pana kāraṇena ‘‘ tiṇṇo ’’ ti na jānāti , tena sā taṃ kāraṇaṃ pucchamānā evamāha .

MārisātiV1.17 devatānaṃ piyasamudācāravacanametaṃ .

Niddukkhāti vuttaṃ hoti .

Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ yadā kho te , mārisa , saṅkunā saṅku hadaye samāgaccheyya , atha naṃ tvaṃ jāneyyāsi ‘ vassasahassaṃ me niraye paccamānassā ’’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.512) idaṃ virujjhati .

Na hi nerayikasatto niddukkho nāma hoti .

Kiñcāpi na niddukkho , ruḷhīsaddena pana evaṃ vuccati .

Pubbe kira paṭhamakappikānaṃ niddukkhānaṃ sukhasamappitānaṃ esa vohāro , aparabhāge dukkhaṃ hotu vā mā vā , ruḷhīsaddena ayaṃ vohāro vuccateva nippadumāpi nirudakāpi vā pokkharaṇī pokkharaṇī viya .

Oghamatarīti ettha cattāro oghā , kāmogho bhavogho diṭṭhogho avijjoghoti .

Tattha pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo kāmogho nāma .

Rūpārūpabhavesu chandarāgo jhānanikanti ca bhavogho nāma .

Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhiyo diṭṭhogho nāma .

Catūsu saccesu aññāṇaṃ avijjogho nāma .

Tattha kāmogho aṭṭhasu lobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , bhavogho catūsu diṭṭhigatavippayuttalobhasahagatesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , diṭṭhogho catūsu diṭṭhigatasampayuttesu cittuppādesu uppajjati , avijjogho sabbākusalesu uppajjati .

Sabbopi cesa avahananaṭṭhena rāsaṭṭhena ca oghoti veditabbo .

AvahananaṭṭhenātiP1.18 adhogamanaṭṭhena .

Ayañhi attano vasaṃ gate satte adho gameti , nirayādibhedāya duggatiyaṃyeva nibbatteti , uparibhāvaṃ vā nibbānaṃ gantuṃ adento adho tīsu bhavesu catūsu yonīsu pañcasu gatīsu sattasu viññāṇaṭṭhitīsu navasu sattāvāsesu ca gametītipi attho .

Rāsaṭṭhenāti mahantaṭṭhena .

Mahā heso kilesarāsi avīcito paṭṭhāya yāva bhavaggā patthaṭo , yadidaṃ pañcasu kāmaguṇesu chandarāgo nāma .

Sesesupi eseva nayo .

Evamayaṃ rāsaṭṭhenāpi oghotiM1.17 veditabbo .

Atarīti imaṃ catubbidhampi oghaṃ kena nu tvaṃ , mārisa , kāraṇena tiṇṇoti pucchati .

Athassā bhagavā pañhaṃ vissajjento appatiṭṭhaṃ khvāhan tiādimāha .

Tattha appatiṭṭhan ti appatiṭṭhahanto .

Anāyūhan ti anāyūhanto , avāyamantoti attho .

Iti bhagavā gūḷhaṃ paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi .

Devatāpi naṃ sutvā ‘‘ bāhirakaṃ tāva oghaṃ tarantā nāma ṭhātabbaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhantā taritabbaṭṭhāne āyūhantā taranti , ayaṃ pana avīcito yāva bhavaggā patthaṭaṃV1.18 kilesoghaṃ kilesarāsiṃ appatiṭṭhahanto anāyūhanto atarinti āha .

Kiṃ nu kho etaṃ ?

Kathaṃ nu kho etan ’’ ti ?

Vimatiṃ pakkhantā pañhassa atthaṃ na aññāsi .

Kiṃ pana bhagavatā yathā sattā na jānanti , evaṃ kathanatthāya pāramiyo pūretvā sabbaññutā paṭividdhāti ?

Na etadatthāya paṭividdhā .

Dve pana bhagavato desanā niggahamukhena ca anuggahamukhena ca .

Tattha ye paṇḍitamānino honti aññātepi ñātasaññino pañcasatā brāhmaṇapabbajitā viya , tesaṃ mānaniggahatthaṃ yathā na jānanti , evaṃ mūlapariyāyādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti .

Ayaṃ niggahamukhena desanā .

Vuttampi cetaṃ ‘‘ niggayha niggayhāhaṃ , ānanda , vakkhāmi , pavayha pavayha , ānanda , vakkhāmi , yo sāro , so ṭhassatī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .3.196).

YeP1.19 pana ujukā sikkhākāmā , tesaṃ suviññeyyaṃ katvā ākaṅkheyyasuttādisadisaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ,‘‘ abhirama , tissa , abhirama , tissa , ahamovādena ahamanuggahena ahamanusāsaniyā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .3.84) ca ne samassāseti .

Ayaṃ anuggahamukhena desanā .

Ayaṃ pana devaputto mānatthaddho paṇḍitamānī , evaṃ kirassa ahosi – ahaṃ oghaṃ jānāmi , tathāgatassa oghatiṇṇabhāvaṃ jānāmi ,‘‘ iminā pana kāraṇena tiṇṇo ’’ ti ettakamattaṃ na jānāmi .

Iti mayhaṃ ñātameva bahu , appaṃ aññātaṃ , tamahaṃ kathitamattameva jānissāmi .

Kiñhi nāma taṃ bhagavā vadeyya , yassāhaṃ atthaṃ na jāneyyanti .

Atha satthā ‘‘ ayaṃ kiliṭṭhavatthaṃ viyaM1.18 raṅgajātaṃ abhabbo imaṃ mānaṃ appahāya desanaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ , mānaniggahaṃ tāvassa katvā puna nīcacittena pucchantassa pakāsessāmī ’’ ti paṭicchannaṃ katvā pañhaṃ kathesi .

Sopi nihatamāno ahosi , sā cassa nihatamānatā uttaripañhapucchaneneva veditabbā .

Tassa pana pañhapucchanassa ayamattho – kathaṃ pana tvaṃ , mārisa , appatiṭṭhaṃ anāyūhaṃ oghamatari , yathāhaṃ jānāmi , evaṃ me kathehīti .

Athassa bhagavā kathento yadāsvāhan tiādimāha .

Tattha yadā svāhan ti yasmiṃ kāle ahaṃ .

Sukāro nipātamattaṃ .

Yathā ca ettha , evaṃ sabbapadesu .

Saṃsīdāmīti paṭicchannaṃ katvā ataranto tattheva osīdāmi .

Nibbuyhāmīti ṭhātuṃ asakkonto ativattāmi .

Iti ṭhāne ca vāyāme ca dosaṃ disvā atiṭṭhanto avāyamanto oghamatarinti evaṃ bhagavatā pañho kathito .

Devatāyapi paṭividdho , na pana pākaṭo , tassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ satta dukā dassitā .

KilesavasenaV1.19 hi santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , abhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Taṇhādiṭṭhīhi vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , avasesakilesānañceva abhisaṅkhārānañca vasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Taṇhāvasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , diṭṭhivasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Sassatadiṭṭhiyā vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , ucchedadiṭṭhiyā āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Olīyanābhinivesā hi bhavadiṭṭhi , atidhāvanābhinivesā vibhavadiṭṭhiP1.20 .

Līnavasena vā santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , uddhaccavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Tathā kāmasukhallikānuyogavasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , attakilamathānuyogavasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Sabbākusalābhisaṅkhāravasena santiṭṭhanto saṃsīdati nāma , sabbalokiyakusalābhisaṅkhāravasena āyūhanto nibbuyhati nāma .

Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘ seyyathāpi , cunda , ye keci akusalā dhammā , sabbe te adhobhāgaṅgamanīyā , ye keci kusalā dhammā , sabbe te uparibhāgaṅgamanīyā ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.86).

Imaṃ pañhavissajjanaṃ sutvāva devatā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya tuṭṭhā pasannā attano tuṭṭhiñca pasādañca pakāsayantī cirassaṃ vatāti gāthamāha .

Tattha cirassan ti cirassa kālassa accayenāti attho .

AyaṃM1.19 kira devatā kassapasammāsambuddhaṃ disvā tassa parinibbānato paṭṭhāya antarā aññaṃ buddhaṃ na diṭṭhapubbā , tasmā ajja bhagavantaṃ disvā evamāha .

Kiṃ panimāya devatāya ito pubbe satthā na diṭṭhapubboti .

Diṭṭhapubbo vā hotu adiṭṭhapubbo vā , dassanaṃ upādāya evaṃ vattuṃ vaṭṭati .

Brāhmaṇan ti bāhitapāpaṃ khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ .

Parinibbutan ti kilesanibbānena nibbutaṃ .

Loketi sattaloke .

Visattikan ti rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu āsattavisattatādīhi kāraṇehi visattikā vuccati taṇhā , taṃ visattikaṃ appatiṭṭhamānaṃ anāyūhamānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ nittiṇṇaṃ uttiṇṇaṃ cirassaṃ vata khīṇāsavabrāhmaṇaṃ passāmīti attho .

Samanuñño satthā ahosīti tassā devatāya vacanaṃ citteneva samanumodi , ekajjhāsayo ahosi .

Antaradhāyīti abhisaṅkhatakāyaṃ jahitvā attano pakatiupādiṇṇakakāyasmiṃyeva ṭhatvā laddhāsā laddhapatiṭṭhā hutvā dasabalaṃ gandhehi ca mālehi ca pūjetvā attano bhavanaṃyeva agamāsīti .

Oghataraṇasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .

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