Padabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
Sikkhāpadavibhaṅge pana kiñcāpi yo panāti anavasesapariyādānapadaṃ , tathāpi bhikkhūti iminā parapadena samānādhikaraṇattā tadanurūpānevassa vibhaṅgapadāni vuttāni .
Bhikkhunibbacanapadāni tīṇi kiñcāpi sabhikkhubhāvassa , abhikkhubhāvassa cāti yassa kassaci pabbajitassa sādhāraṇāni , tathāpi ‘‘ asuddho hoti puggalo aññataraṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpanno , tañce suddhadiṭṭhi samāno anokāsaṃ kārāpetvā cāvanādhippāyo vadeti , āpatti saṅghādisesena dukkaṭassā ’’ ti evamādisuttaṃ nibbacanatthayuttova puggalo ‘‘ āpatti saṅghādisesena
V0.82 dukkaṭassā ’’ ti ( pārā .389) ettha vatthu , na itaro gihibhūtoti dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ .Sabbassapi vinayapiṭakassa sādhāraṇaṃ bhikkhulakkhaṇaṃ vatthuñhi bhagavā ārabhi .
Yo pana suddho eva samāno kenaci kāraṇena gihiliṅge ṭhito , so attano sabhikkhubhāvattā eva vatthu hoti , asuddhopi bhikkhuliṅge ṭhitattāti ayamattho dassito hoti .
Asuddhopi ñātakehi , paccatthikehi vā rājabhayādikāraṇena vā kāsāvesu saussāhova apanītakāsāvo vatthu eva puna kāsāvaggahaṇena theyyasaṃvāsakabhāvānupagamanato , bhikkhunibbacanatthe anikkhittadhurattāti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yo pana liṅgatthenako bhikkhunibbacanatthaṃ sayañca ajjhupagato , saṃvāsaṃ thenento , tañce suddhadiṭṭhi samāno anokāsaṃ kārāpetvā cāvanādhippāyo vadeti , āpatti
M0.91 saṅghādisesena dukkaṭassāti ayampi attho dassito hoti .‘‘ Samaññāya bhikkhu paṭiññāya bhikkhū ’’ ti vacanadvayaṃ yathāvuttañca atthaṃ upabrūheti , antarā uppannāya niyatāya micchādiṭṭhiyā upacchinnakusalamūlo kevalāya samaññāya , paṭiññāya ca ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti vuccati , na paramatthatoti imaṃ atirekatthaṃ dīpeti .
Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti ?
‘‘ Nāhaṃ , bhikkhave , aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi , yaṃ evaṃ mahāsāvajjaṃ yathayidaṃ , bhikkhave , micchādiṭṭhi .
Micchādiṭṭhiparamāni , bhikkhave , mahāvajjānī ’’ ti āhaccabhāsitaṃ saṅgītittayāruḷhaṃ suttaṃ , aṭṭhakathāya mpissa ‘‘ micchādiṭṭhiparamā etesanti micchādiṭṭhiparamānī ’’ ti ( a . ni .1.310) vuttaṃ .
Pañca ānantariyakammāni mahāsāvajjāni , micchādiṭṭhi pana mahāsāvajjatarāti adhippāyoti .
Kasmā ?
Tesañhi paricchedo atthi , sabbabalavampi kappaṭṭhitikameva hoti , niyatamicchādiṭṭhiyā pana paricchedo natthi , tāya samannāgatassa bhavato vuṭṭhānaṃ natthi , tasmā ‘‘ imassa bhikkhukaraṇā kusalā dhammā saṃvijjantī ’’ ti vā ‘‘ suddhovāyan ’’ ti vā na sakkā vattuṃ .
‘‘ Diṭṭhivipattipaccayā dve āpattiyo āpajjatī ’’ ti vuttattā na sakkā ‘‘ asuddho ’’ ti vā ‘‘ aññataraṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ ajjhāpanno ’’ ti vā vattuṃ .
Esa hi ubhopi pakkhe na bhajati , tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ samaññāya , paṭiññāya ca bhikkhu , na paramatthato ’’ ti .
Kimatthaṃ panevaṃ mahāsāvajjāya niyatamicchādiṭṭhiyā pārājikaṃ bhagavā na paññapesīti ?
Dubbijānattā .
Pakatiyāpesā diṭṭhi nāma ‘‘ sammā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ micchā ’’ ti vā duviññeyyā , pageva ‘‘ niyatā ’’ ti vā ‘‘ aniyatā ’’ ti vāti .
Tattha pārājikāpattiyā paññattāya bhikkhū aññamaññaṃ asamadiṭṭhikaṃ pārājikaṃ maññamānā uposathādīni akatvā acireneva
V0.83 sāsanaṃ vināseyyuṃ , sayañca apuññaṃ pasaveyyuṃ suddhesupi bhikkhūsu vippaṭipattiyā paṭipajjanena .Tasmā upāyakusalatāya pārājikaṃ apaññāpetvā tassa ukkhepanīyakammaṃ , sammāvattañca paññāpetvā taṃ saṅghena asambhogaṃ , asaṃvāsañca akāsi .
Bhagavā hi tassa ce esā diṭṭhi aniyatā , sammāvattaṃ pūretvā osāraṇaṃ labhitvā pakatatto bhaveyya .
Niyatā ce , aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso , yaṃ so niyatamicchādiṭṭhiko sammāvattaṃ pūretvā osāraṇaṃ labhitvā pakatatto bhaveyya .
Kevalaṃ ‘‘ samaññāyabhikkhu
M0.92 paṭiññāyabhikkhū ’’ ti nāmamattadhārako hutvā paraṃ maraṇā ariṭṭho viya saṃsārakhāṇukova bhavissatīti imaṃ nayaṃ addasa .Aṭṭhasu upasampadāsu tissovettha vuttā , na itarā pāṭipuggalattā , bhikkhūnaṃ asantakattā ca .
Tattha hi ovādapaṭiggahaṇapañhabyākaraṇūpasampadā dvinnaṃ therānaṃ eva , sesā tisso bhikkhunīnaṃ santakāti idha nādhippetā , tissannampi upasampadānaṃ majjhe ‘‘ bhadro bhikkhū ’’ tiādīni cattāri padāni vuttāni tissannaṃ sādhāraṇattā .
Ehibhikkhubhāvena vā saraṇagamanañatticatutthena vā upasampanno hi bhadro ca sāro ca sekkho ca asekkho ca hoti , upasampadavacanaṃ pana nesaṃ sāvakabhāvadīpanatthaṃ .
Ime eva hi āpattiṃ āpajjanti , na sammāsambuddhā , paccekabuddhā ca .
Ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetoti ettha ca āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ bhabbā ñatticatuttheneva kammena upasampannā .
Na hi aññe ehibhikkhusaraṇagamanaovādapaṭiggahaṇapañhabyākaraṇāhi upasampannā āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ bhabbā , tenete paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhū ’’ ti antimova vuttoti kira dhammasiritthero , taṃ ayuttaṃ .
‘‘ Dve puggalā abhabbā āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ buddhā ca paccekabuddhā cā ’’ ti ( pari .322) ettakameva vuttanti .
Aññathā ehibhikkhuādayopi vattabbā siyuṃ .
Kiñca bhiyyo ‘‘ dve puggalā bhabbā āpattiṃ āpajjituṃ bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo cā ’’ ti sāmaññena vuttattā ca , apica āpattibhayaṭṭhānadassanato ca .
Kathaṃ ?
Āyasmā sāriputto āvasathapiṇḍaṃ kukkuccāyanto na paṭiggahesi , cīvaravippavāsabhayā ca sabbaṃ ticīvaraṃ gahetvā nadiṃ taranto manaṃ vuḷho ahosi mahākassapo .
Kiñca saraṇagamanūpasampadāya upasampanne ārabbha saddhivihārikavattādīni asammāvattantānaṃ nesaṃ dukkaṭāni ca paññattāni dissanti , tasmā dubbicāritametaṃ .
Ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti paṭikkhittāya saraṇagamanūpasampadāya anuññātappasaṅgabhayāti upatissatthero , āpattiyā bhabbataṃ sandhāya tasmimpi vutte pubbe paṭikkhittāpi sā puna evaṃ vadantena anuññātāti bhikkhūnaṃ micchāgāho vā vimati vā uppajjati
V0.84 , tasmā na vuttāti vuttaṃ hoti , taṃ ‘‘ bhikkhunī nāma ubhatosaṅghe upasampannā ’’ ti ( pāci .161) iminā sameti .Idañhi sākiyādīnaṃ anuññātaupasampadāya anuppabandhabhayā vuttaṃ .
Ayaṃ
M0.93 panettha amhākaṃ khanti – bhikkhu-padaniddesattā yattakāni tena padena saṅgahaṃ gacchanti , ye ca vinayapiṭake tattha tattha sandissanti sayaṃ āpattāpajjanaṭṭhena vā duṭṭhullārocanapaṭicchādanādīsu paresaṃ āpattikaraṇaṭṭhena vā , te sabbepi dassetvā idāni yadidaṃ tassa bhikkhu-padassa visesanatthaṃ vuttaṃ parapadaṃ ‘‘ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno ’’ ti , tassa vasena idaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhū ’’ ti .So eva hi kammavācānantarameva sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno hoti tato paṭṭhāya sauddesasikkhāpadānaṃ uppattidassanato , tasseva ca sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ dissati , netarassa .
Tasseva ca sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ sambhavati ‘‘ ullumpatu maṃ , bhante , saṅgho anukampaṃ upādāyā ’’ ti ( mahāva .71,126) vatvā samādinnattā , tasseva ca upasampannasamanantarameva akaraṇīyanissayācikkhanadassanato , vinayaṃ pātimokkhaṃ uddesaṃ paccakkhāmītiādisikkhāpaccakkhānalakkhaṇapāripūrito cāti sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ upādāya so eva idhādhippetoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Yasmā panassa sikkhāpaccakkhānaṃ sabbathā yujjati , tasmā ‘‘ sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ vītikkamantassa tato tato āpattito anāpatti , itarassa āpattī ’’ ti vattuṃ yujjati , tasmā ‘‘ yattha yattha sāvajjapaññatti , anavajjapaññatti vā , ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti vuccati , tattha tattha tadajjhācāratthenāyameva ñatticatutthena upasampanno adhippeto nāmā ’’ ti vattuṃ yujjatīti veditabbaṃ .
Evaṃ sante yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘ yāya kāyaci upasampadāya ayaṃ imasmiṃ ‘ methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevitvā pārājiko hotī ’ ti atthe bhikkhūti adhippeto ’’ ti , tampi na vattabbameva .
Kathaṃ hoti ?
Virodhadosopi parihato hoti .
Kathaṃ ?
Sace ñatticatutthena upasampanno eva idhādhippeto ‘‘ bhikkhū ’’ ti ca ‘‘ upasampanno ’’ ti ca , tena na upasampanno anupasampanno nāmāti katvā ñatticatutthakammato aññathā upasampannā nāma mahākassapattherādayo itaresaṃ anupasampannaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā sahaseyyapadasodhammāpattiṃ janeyyuṃ , omasanādikāle ca dukkaṭameva janeyyunti evamādiko virodhadoso parihato hotīti sabbaṃ ācariyo vadati .
Maṅguracchavi nāma sāmo .
Yasmā
M0.94 te atimahanto jātimado cittaṃ pariyuṭṭhāti , tasmā tumhehi mama sāsane evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃV0.85 .‘‘ Sātasahagatā paṭhamajjhānasukhasahagatā asubhe ca ānāpāne cā ’’ ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ .
Uddhumātakasaññāti uddhumātakanimitte paṭiladdhapaṭhamajjhānasaññā .
Rūpasaññāti pathavīkasiṇādirūpāvacarajjhānasaññā .
So taṃ byākāsi ‘‘ avibhūtā , bhante , uddhumātakasaññā avaḍḍhitabbattā asubhānaṃ , vibhūtā , bhante , rūpasaññā vaḍḍhitabbattā kasiṇānan ’’ ti .
Pañcaupasampadakkamo mahāvaggā gahito .
Ñatticatutthenāti ettha kiñcāpi ñatti sabbapaṭhamaṃ vuccati , tissannaṃ pana anussāvanānaṃ atthabyañjanabhedābhāvato atthabyañjanabhinnā ñattitāsaṃ catutthāti katvā ‘‘ ñatticatutthan ’’ ti vuccati .
Byañjanānurūpameva aṭṭhakathāya ‘‘ tīhi anussāvanāhi ekāya ca ñattiyā ’’ ti vuttaṃ , atthapavattikkamena padena pana ‘‘ ekāya ñattiyā tīhi anussāvanāhī ’’ ti vattabbaṃ .
Yasmā panettha ‘‘ cattārimāni , bhikkhave , kammāni ( mahāva .384), cha imāni , bhikkhave , kammāni adhammakammaṃ vaggakamman ’’ ti ( mahāva .387) vacanato kuppakammampi katthaci ‘‘ kamman ’’ ti vuccati tasmā ‘‘ akuppenā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Yasmā akuppampi ekaccaṃ na ṭhānārahaṃ , yena appatto osāraṇaṃ ‘‘ sosārito ’’ ti campeyyakkhandhake ( mahāva .395 ādayo ) vuccati , tasmā ‘‘ ṭhānārahenā ’’ ti vuttaṃ .
Yadi evaṃ ‘‘ ṭhānārahenā ’’ ti idameva padaṃ vattabbaṃ , na pubbapadaṃ iminā akuppasiddhitoti ce ?
Taṃ na , aṭṭhānārahena akuppena upasampanno imasmiṃ atthe anadhippetoti aniṭṭhappasaṅgato .
Dvīhi panetehi ekato vuttehi ayamattho paññāyati ‘‘ kevalaṃ tena akuppena upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto ‘ bhikkhū ’ ti , ṭhānārahena ca upasampanno ayampi imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto ‘ bhikkhū ’ ti , kuppena upasampanno nādhippeto ’’ ti .
Tenāyampi attho sādhito hoti ‘‘ yo pana , bhikkhu , jānaṃ ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādeyya , so ca puggalo anupasampanno ’’ ti ( pāci .403) vacanato yāva na ñāyati , tāva samaññāyabhikkhupaṭiññāyabhikkhubhāvaṃ upagatopi na pubbe dassitasamaññāyabhikkhupaṭiññāyabhikkhu viya aññesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ upasampannaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā omasanapācittiyādivatthu hoti , kevalaṃ anupasampannaṭṭhāne ṭhatvā ‘‘ anupasampanne upasampannasaññī
M0.95 padaso dhammaṃ vāceti , āpatti pācittiyassā ’’ tiādi ( pāci .47) āpattivatthumeva hutvā tiṭṭhati .Akuppena upasampanno pana pacchā pārājikopi jātito upasampannaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhatīti ‘‘ paṇḍako , bhikkhave , anupasampanno na upasampādetabbo , upasampanno nāsetabbo ’’ tiādinā ( mahāva .109) nayena vuttesu pana vajjanīyapuggalesu koci puggalo ‘‘ upasampanno ’’ ti vuccati , nopi upasampannaṭṭhāne tiṭṭhati , koci tiṭṭhatīti veditabbaṃ .
Ettha
V0.86 pana atthi kammaṃ akuppaṃ ṭhānārahaṃ , atthi ṭhānārahaṃ nākuppaṃ , atthi akuppañceva na ṭhānārahañca , atthi nākuppaṃ na ca ṭhānārahanti idaṃ catukkaṃ veditabbaṃ .Tattha paṭhamaṃ tāva vuttaṃ , tatiyacatutthāni pākaṭāni .
Dutiyaṃ pariyāyena bhikkhunisaṅghato ekatoupasampannāya liṅgaparivatte sati labbhati .
Tassa hi puggalassa pubbe sikkhamānakāle laddhaṃ ñatticatutthaupasampadākammaṃ kiñcāpi akuppañceva ṭhānārahañca , purisaliṅge pana pātubhūte ‘‘ anujānāmi , bhikkhave , taṃyeva upajjhaṃ tameva upasampadan ’’ ti ( pārā .69) ettha apariyāpannattā tassa puggalassa kevalaṃ sāmaṇerabhāvāpattito kammaṃ dāni kuppaṃ jātanti vuccati .
Liṅgaparivattena cīvarassa adhiṭṭhānavijahanaṃ viya tassa puggalassa bhikkhunisaṅghena katāya upasampadāya vijahanaṃ hotīti veditabbaṃ , aññathā so puggalo upasampanno bhikkhūti āpajjati .
Atha vā liṅgaparivatte asatipitaṃ ekatoupasampadākammaṃ kuppati , yathāṭhāne na tiṭṭhati .
Tasmā na tāva sā ‘‘ bhikkhunī ’’ ti saṅkhyaṃ gacchati .
Yasmā aññataraṃ pārājikaṃ dhammaṃ āpajjitvāpi anāpajjitvāpi uppabbajitukāmatāya gihiliṅgaṃ sādiyantiyā punapi upasampadā ubhatosaṅghe labbhati , tasmā tena pariyāyena ‘‘ kuppatīti kuppan ’’ ti vuccati , yathāvuttakammadosābhāvato pana ‘‘ ṭhānārahan ’’ ti .
Bhikkhunī pana gihiliṅgaṃ sādiyantikāle na purisaliṅgapātubhāve sati bhikkhūsu upasampadaṃ labbhatīti sādhakaṃ kāraṇaṃ na dissati , sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya uppabbajitā ce , labhatīti eke , taṃ panāyuttaṃ bhikkhuniyā sikkhāpaccakkhanābhāvatoti amhākaṃ khantīti ācariyo .
‘‘ Yathā ‘ kattabban ’ ti vuttaṃ , tathā akate kuppatīti katvā karaṇaṃ satthusāsanan ’’ ti gaṇṭhipade vuttaṃ .
Yattha yattha ‘‘ gaṇṭhipade ’’ ti vuccati , tattha tattha ‘‘ dhammasirittherassa gaṇṭhipade ’’ ti gahetabbaṃ .