225. IdāniP0.130M0.123V0.122 tadanantare paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge yā ‘‘ ayaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā ’’ tiādinā nayena tanti nikkhittā , tassā atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena vibhajjavādimaṇḍalaṃ otaritvā ācariye anabbhācikkhantena sakasamayaṃ avokkamantena parasamayaṃ anāyūhantena suttaṃ appaṭibāhantena vinayaṃ anulomentena mahāpadese olokentena dhammaṃ dīpentena atthaṃ saṅgahantena tamevatthaṃ puna āvattetvā aparehipi pariyāyehi niddisantena ca yasmā atthasaṃvaṇṇanā kātabbā hoti , pakatiyāpi ca dukkarāva paṭiccasamuppādassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā , yathāhu porāṇā –
P0.130M0.123V0.122 tadanantare paṭiccasamuppādavibhaṅge yā ‘‘ ayaṃ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā ’’ tiādinā nayena tanti nikkhittā , tassā atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena vibhajjavādimaṇḍalaṃ otaritvā ācariye anabbhācikkhantena sakasamayaṃ avokkamantena parasamayaṃ anāyūhantena suttaṃ appaṭibāhantena vinayaṃ anulomentena mahāpadese olokentena dhammaṃ dīpentena atthaṃ saṅgahantena tamevatthaṃ puna āvattetvā aparehipi pariyāyehi niddisantena ca yasmā atthasaṃvaṇṇanā kātabbā hoti , pakatiyāpi ca dukkarāva paṭiccasamuppādassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā , yathāhu porāṇā –‘‘ Saccaṃ satto paṭisandhi , paccayākārameva ca ;
Duddasā caturo dhammā , desetuñca sudukkarā ’’ ti .
Tasmā ‘‘ aññatra āgamādhigamappattehi na sukarā paṭiccasamuppādassa atthavaṇṇanā ’’ ti paritulayitvā –
Vattukāmo ahaṃ ajja , paccayākāravaṇṇanaṃ ;
Patiṭṭhaṃ nādhigacchāmi , ajjhogāḷhova sāgaraṃ .
Sāsanaṃ
V0.123 panidaṃ nānā-desanānayamaṇḍitaṃ ;Pubbācariyamaggo ca , abbocchinno pavattati .
Yasmā tasmā tadubhayaṃ , sannissāyatthavaṇṇanaṃ ;
Ārabhissāmi etassa , taṃ suṇātha samāhitā .
Vuttañhetaṃ pubbācariyehi –
‘‘ Yo kocimaṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā suṇeyya ,
Labhetha pubbāpariyaṃ visesaṃ ;
Laddhāna pubbāpariyaṃ visesaṃ ,
Adassanaṃ maccurājassa gacche ’’ ti .
Avijjāpaccayā
P0.131M0.124 saṅkhārātiādīsu hi āditoyeva tāva –Desanābhedato attha-lakkhaṇekavidhādito ;
Aṅgānañca vavatthānā , viññātabbo vinicchayo .
Tattha ‘ desanābhedato ’ ti bhagavato hi vallihārakānaṃ catunnaṃ purisānaṃ valliggahaṇaṃ viya ādito vā majjhato vā paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānaṃ , tathā pariyosānato vā majjhato vā paṭṭhāya yāva ādīti catubbidhā paṭiccasamuppādadesanā .
Yathā hi vallihārakesu catūsu purisesu eko valliyā mūlameva paṭhamaṃ passati , so taṃ mūle chetvā sabbaṃ ākaḍḍhitvā ādāya kamme upaneti , evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ iti kho , bhikkhave , avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā … pe … jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan ’’ ti ādito ( ma . ni .1.402) paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānāpi paṭiccasamuppādaṃ deseti .
Yathā pana tesu purisesu eko valliyā majjhaṃ paṭhamaṃ passati , so majjhe chinditvā uparibhāgaṃyeva ākaḍḍhitvā ādāya kamme upaneti , evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ tassa taṃ vedanaṃ abhinandato
V0.124 abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī ;yā vedanāsu nandī , tadupādānaṃ , tassupādānapaccayā bhavo , bhavapaccayā jātī ’’ ti ( ma . ni .1.409; saṃ . ni .3.5) majjhato paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānāpi deseti .
Yathā ca tesu purisesu eko valliyā aggaṃ paṭhamaṃ passati , so agge gahetvā aggānusārena yāva mūlā sabbaṃ ādāya kamme upaneti , evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ , jātipaccayā nu kho , bhikkhave , jarāmaraṇaṃ no vā kathaṃ vā ettha hotī ’’ ti ?
‘‘ Jātipaccayā , bhante , jarāmaraṇaṃ ;
evaṃ no ettha hoti – jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇan ’’ ti .
‘‘ Bhavapaccayā jāti … pe … avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārāti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ , avijjāpaccayā nu kho , bhikkhave , saṅkhārā no vā kathaṃ vā ettha hotī ’’ ti ?
‘‘ Avijjāpaccayā , bhante , saṅkhārā ;
evaṃ no ettha hoti – avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā ’’ ti pariyosānato paṭṭhāya yāva āditopi paṭiccasamuppādaṃ deseti .
Yathā pana tesu purisesu eko valliyā majjhameva paṭhamaṃ passati , so majjhe chinditvā heṭṭhā otaranto yāva mūlā
P0.132 ādāya kamme upanetiM0.125 , evaṃ bhagavā ‘‘ ime , bhikkhave , cattāro āhārā kiṃ nidānā , kiṃ samudayā , kiṃ jātikā , kiṃ pabhavā ?Ime cattāro āhārā taṇhānidānā , taṇhāsamudayā , taṇhājātikā , taṇhāpabhavā .
Taṇhā cāyaṃ , bhikkhave , kiṃ nidānā ?
Vedanā , phasso , saḷāyatanaṃ , nāmarūpaṃ , viññāṇaṃ .
Saṅkhārā kiṃ nidānā … pe … saṅkhārā avijjānidānā , avijjāsamudayā , avijjājātikā , avijjāpabhavā ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .2.11) majjhato paṭṭhāya yāva ādito deseti .
Kasmā panevaṃ desetīti ?
Paṭiccasamuppādassa samantabhaddakattā , sayañca desanāvilāsappattattā .
Samantabhaddako hi paṭiccasamuppādo tato tato ñāyappaṭivedhāya saṃvattatiyeva .
Desanāvilāsappatto ca bhagavā catuvesārajjappaṭisambhidāyogena catubbidhagambhīrabhāvappattiyā ca .
So desanāvilāsappattattā nānānayeheva dhammaṃ deseti .
Visesato panassa yā ādito paṭṭhāya anulomadesanā , sā pavattikāraṇavibhāgasammūḷhaṃ veneyyajanaṃ samanupassato yathāsakehi kāraṇehi pavattisandassanatthaṃ uppattikkamasandassanatthañca pavattitāti ñātabbā .
Yā
V0.125 pariyosānato paṭṭhāya paṭilomadesanā , sā ‘‘ kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati cā ’’ ti ( dī . ni .2.57) ādinā nayena kicchāpannaṃ lokamanuvilokayato pubbabhāgappaṭivedhānusārena tassa tassa jarāmaraṇādikassa dukkhassa attanādhigatakāraṇasandassanatthaṃ .Yā pana majjhato paṭṭhāya yāva ādi , sā āhāranidānavavatthāpanānusārena yāva atītaṃ addhānaṃ atiharitvā puna atītaddhato pabhuti hetuphalapaṭipāṭisandassanatthaṃ .
Yā pana majjhato paṭṭhāya yāva pariyosānā pavattā , sā paccuppanne addhāne anāgataddhahetusamuṭṭhānato pabhuti anāgataddhasandassanatthaṃ .
Tāsu yā sā pavattikāraṇasammūḷhassa veneyyajanassa yathāsakehi kāraṇehi pavattisandassanatthaṃ uppattikkamasandassanatthañca ādito paṭṭhāya anulomadesanā vuttā , sā idha nikkhittāti veditabbā .
Kasmā
P0.133 panettha avijjā ādito vuttā ?Kiṃ pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya avijjāpi akāraṇaṃ mūlakāraṇaṃ lokassāti ?
Na akāraṇaṃ .
‘‘ Āsavasamudayā avijjāsamudayo ’’ ti hi avijjāya kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ .
Atthi
M0.126 pana pariyāyo yena mūlakāraṇaṃ siyā .Ko pana soti ?
Vaṭṭakathāya sīsabhāvo .
Bhagavā hi vaṭṭakathaṃ kathento dve dhamme sīsaṃ katvā kathesi – avijjaṃ vā bhavataṇhaṃ vā .
Yathāha –
‘‘ purimā , bhikkhave , koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya ‘ ito pubbe avijjā nāhosi , atha pacchā samabhavī ’ ti .
Evañcetaṃ , bhikkhave , vuccati , atha ca pana paññāyati ‘ idappaccayā avijjā ’’ ti ( a . ni .10.61);
bhavataṇhaṃ vā , yathāha –
‘‘ purimā , bhikkhave , koṭi na paññāyati bhavataṇhāya ‘ ito pubbe bhavataṇhā nāhosi , atha pacchā samabhavī ’ ti .
Evañcetaṃ , bhikkhave , vuccati , atha ca pana paññāyati ‘ idappaccayā bhavataṇhā ’’ ti ( a . ni .10.62).
Kasmā pana bhagavā vaṭṭakathaṃ kathento ime dveva dhamme sīsaṃ katvā kathesīti ?
Sugatiduggatigāmino kammassa visesahetubhūtattā .
Duggatigāmino hi kammassa visesahetu avijjā .
Kasmā ?
Yasmā avijjābhibhūto puthujjano , aggisantāpalaguḷābhighātaparissamābhibhūtā vajjhagāvī tāya parissamāturatāya nirassādampi attano anatthāvahampi ca uṇhodakapānaṃ viya , kilesasantāpato nirassādampi duggativinipātato ca attano anatthāvahampi pāṇātipātādimanekappakāraṃ duggatigāmikammaṃ ārabhati .
Sugatigāmino pana kammassa visesahetu bhavataṇhā .
Kasmā ?
Yasmā bhavataṇhābhibhūto puthujjano , yathā vuttappakārā gāvī
V0.126 sītudakataṇhāya saassādaṃ attano parissamavinodanañca sītudakapānaṃ viya , kilesasantāpavirahato saassādaṃ sugatisampāpanena attano duggatidukkhaparissamavinodanañca pāṇātipātāveramaṇīādimanekappakāraṃ sugatigāmikammaṃ ārabhati .Etesu pana vaṭṭakathāya sīsabhūtesu dhammesu katthaci bhagavā
P0.134 ekadhammamūlikaṃ desanaṃ deseti , seyyathidaṃ –‘‘ iti kho , bhikkhave , avijjūpanisā saṅkhārā , saṅkhārūpanisaṃ viññāṇan ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .2.23).
Tathā ‘‘ upādānīyesu , bhikkhave , dhammesu assādānupassino viharato taṇhā pavaḍḍhati , taṇhāpaccayā upādānan ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .2.52).
Katthaci ubhayamūlikampi , seyyathidaṃ –
‘‘ avijjānīvaraṇassa , bhikkhave , bālassa taṇhāya sampayuttassa evamayaṃ kāyo samudāgato .
Iti ayañceva kāyo bahiddhā ca nāmarūpaṃ itthetaṃ
M0.127 dvayaṃ , dvayaṃ paṭicca phasso , saḷevāyatanāni yehi phuṭṭho bālo sukhadukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedetī ’’ tiādi ( saṃ . ni .2.19).Tāsu tāsu desanāsu ‘‘ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā ’’ ti ayamidha avijjāvasena ekadhammamūlikā desanāti veditabbā .
Evaṃ tāvettha desanābhedato viññātabbo vinicchayo .
‘ Atthato ’ ti avijjādīnaṃ padānaṃ atthato , seyyathidaṃ – pūretuṃ ayuttaṭṭhena kāyaduccaritādi avindiyaṃ nāma ;
aladdhabbanti attho .
Taṃ avindiyaṃ vindatīti avijjā .
Tabbiparītato kāyasucaritādi vindiyaṃ nāma .
Taṃ vindiyaṃ na vindatīti avijjā .
Khandhānaṃ rāsaṭṭhaṃ , āyatanānaṃ āyatanaṭṭhaṃ , dhātūnaṃ suññaṭṭhaṃ , saccānaṃ tathaṭṭhaṃ , indriyānaṃ ādhipateyyaṭṭhaṃ aviditaṃ karotīti avijjā .
Dukkhādīnaṃ pīḷanādivasena vuttaṃ catubbidhaṃ catubbidhaṃ atthaṃ aviditaṃ karotītipi avijjā .
Antavirahite saṃsāre sabbayonigatibhavaviññāṇaṭṭhitisattāvāsesu satte javāpetīti avijjā .
Paramatthato avijjamānesu itthipurisādīsu javati , vijjamānesupi khandhādīsu na javatīti avijjā .
Apica cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ vatthārammaṇānaṃ paṭiccasamuppādapaṭiccasamuppannānañca dhammānaṃ chādanatopi avijjā .
Yaṃ paṭicca phalameti so paccayo .
Paṭiccāti na vinā tena ;
taṃ apaccakkhitvāti attho .
Etīti uppajjati ceva pavattati cāti attho .
Api ca upakārakaṭṭho paccayaṭṭho .
Avijjā ca sā paccayo cāti avijjāpaccayo .
Tasmā avijjāpaccayā .
Saṅkhatamabhisaṅkharontīti
V0.127 saṅkhārā .Apica avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā , saṅkhārasaddena āgatasaṅkhārā cāti duvidhā saṅkhārā .
Tattha puññāpuññāneñjābhisaṅkhārā tayo , kāyavacīcittasaṅkhārā tayoti ime cha avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā
P0.135 .Te sabbepi lokiyakusalākusalacetanāmattameva honti .
Saṅkhatasaṅkhāro , abhisaṅkhatasaṅkhāro , abhisaṅkharaṇasaṅkhāro , payogābhisaṅkhāroti ime pana cattāro saṅkhārasaddena āgatasaṅkhārā .
Tattha
M0.128 ‘‘ aniccā vata saṅkhārā ’’ tiādīsu ( dī . ni .2.221,272; saṃ . ni .1.186;2.143) vuttā sabbepi sappaccayā dhammā ‘ saṅkhatasaṅkhārā ’ nāma .Kammanibbattā tebhūmakā rūpārūpadhammā ‘ abhisaṅkhatasaṅkhārā ’ ti aṭṭhakathāsu vuttā .
Tepi ‘‘ aniccā vata saṅkhārā ’’ ti ettheva saṅgahaṃ gacchanti .
Visuṃ pana nesaṃ āgataṭṭhānaṃ na paññāyati .
Tebhūmakakusalākusalacetanā pana ‘ abhisaṅkharaṇakasaṅkhāro ’ ti vuccati .
Tassa ‘‘ avijjāgatoyaṃ , bhikkhave , purisapuggalo puññañce abhisaṅkharotī ’’ tiādīsu ( saṃ . ni .2.51) āgataṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati .
Kāyikacetasikaṃ pana vīriyaṃ ‘ payogābhisaṅkhāro ’ ti vuccati .
So ‘‘ yāvatikā abhisaṅkhārassa gati , tāvatikaṃ gantvā akkhāhataṃ maññe aṭṭhāsī ’’ tiādīsu ( a . ni .3.15) āgato .
Na kevalañca eteyeva , aññepi ‘‘ saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samāpajjantassa kho , āvuso visākha , bhikkhuno paṭhamaṃ nirujjhati vacīsaṅkhāro , tato kāyasaṅkhāro , tato cittasaṅkhāro ’’ tiādinā ( ma . ni .1.464) nayena saṅkhārasaddena āgatā anekasaṅkhārā .
Tesu natthi so saṅkhāro , yo saṅkhatasaṅkhāre saṅgahaṃ na gaccheyya .
Ito paraṃ saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇan tiādīsu yaṃ vuttaṃ taṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ .
Avutte pana vijānātīti viññāṇaṃ .
Namatīti nāmaṃ .
Ruppatīti rūpaṃ .
Āye tanoti , āyatañca nayatīti āyatanaṃ .
Phusatīti phasso .
Vedayatīti vedanā .
Paritassatīti taṇhā .
Upādiyatīti upādānaṃ .
Bhavati bhāvayati cāti bhavo .
Jananaṃ jāti .
Jīraṇaṃ jarā .
Maranti
P0.136 etenāti maraṇaṃ .Socanaṃ soko .
Paridevanaṃ paridevo .
Dukkhayatīti dukkhaṃ ;
uppādaṭṭhitivasena vā dvedhā khaṇatīti dukkhaṃ .
Dummanassa bhāvo domanassaṃ .
Bhuso āyāso upāyāso .
Sambhavantīti
V0.128 nibbattanti .Na kevalañca sokādīheva , atha kho sabbapadehi ‘ sambhavantī ’ ti saddassa yojanā kātabbā .
Itarathā hi ‘‘ avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā ’’ ti vutte kiṃ karontīti na paññāyeyyuṃ .
‘‘ Sambhavantī ’’ ti pana yojanāya sati ‘‘ avijjā ca sā paccayo cāti avijjāpaccayo ;
tasmā avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā sambhavantī ’’ ti paccayapaccayuppannavavatthānaṃ kataṃ hoti .
Esa nayo sabbattha .
Evan ti
M0.129 niddiṭṭhanayanidassanaṃ .Tena avijjādīheva kāraṇehi , na issaranimmānādīhīti dasseti .
Etassāti yathāvuttassa .
Kevalassāti asammissassa sakalassa vā .
Dukkhakkhandhassāti dukkhasamūhassa , na sattassa , na sukhasubhādīnaṃ .
Samudayoti nibbatti .
Hotīti sambhavati .
Evamettha atthato viññātabbo vinicchayo .
‘ Lakkhaṇādito ’ ti avijjādīnaṃ lakkhaṇādito , seyyathidaṃ – aññāṇalakkhaṇā avijjā , sammohanarasā , chādanapaccupaṭṭhānā , āsavapadaṭṭhānā .
Abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇā saṅkhārā , āyūhanarasā , cetanāpaccupaṭṭhānā , avijjāpadaṭṭhānā .
Vijānanalakkhaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ , pubbaṅgamarasaṃ , paṭisandhipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ , saṅkhārapadaṭṭhānaṃ , vatthārammaṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā .
Namanalakkhaṇaṃ nāmaṃ , sampayogarasaṃ , avinibbhogapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ , viññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ .
Ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ rūpaṃ , vikiraṇarasaṃ , abyākatapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ , viññāṇapadaṭṭhānaṃ .
Āyatanalakkhaṇaṃ saḷāyatanaṃ , dassanādirasaṃ , vatthudvārabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ
P0.137 , nāmarūpapadaṭṭhānaṃ .Phusanalakkhaṇo phasso , saṅghaṭṭanaraso , saṅgatipaccupaṭṭhāno , saḷāyatanapadaṭṭhāno .
Anubhavanalakkhaṇā vedanā , visayarasasambhogarasā , sukhadukkhapaccupaṭṭhānā , phassapadaṭṭhānā .
Hetulakkhaṇā taṇhā , abhinandanarasā , atittibhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā , vedanāpadaṭṭhānā .
Gahaṇalakkhaṇaṃ upādānaṃ , amuñcanarasaṃ , taṇhādaḷhattadiṭṭhipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ , taṇhāpadaṭṭhānaṃ .
Kammakammaphalalakkhaṇo bhavo , bhāvanabhavanaraso , kusalākusalābyākatapaccupaṭṭhāno , upādānapadaṭṭhāno .
Jātiādīnaṃ lakkhaṇādīni saccavibhaṅge vuttanayeneva veditabbāni .
Evamettha lakkhaṇāditopi viññātabbo vinicchayo .
‘ Ekavidhādito ’ ti ettha avijjā aññāṇādassanamohādibhāvato ekavidhā , appaṭipattimicchāpaṭipattito duvidhā tathā saṅkhārāsaṅkhārato , vedanāttayasampayogato tividhā , catusaccaappaṭivedhato
V0.129 catubbidhā , gatipañcakādīnavacchādanato pañcavidhā , dvārārammaṇato pana sabbesupi arūpadhammesu chabbidhatā veditabbā .Saṅkhārā sāsavavipākadhammadhammādibhāvato ekavidhā , kusalākusalato duvidhā tathā parittamahaggatahīnamajjhimamicchattaniyatāniyatato , tividhā puññābhisaṅkhārādibhāvato , catubbidhā catuyonisaṃvattanato , pañcavidhā pañcagatigāmito .
Viññāṇaṃ
M0.130 lokiyavipākādibhāvato ekavidhaṃ , sahetukāhetukādito duvidhaṃ , bhavattayapariyāpannato vedanāttayasampayogato ahetukaduhetukatihetukato ca tividhaṃ , yonigativasena catubbidhaṃ pañcavidhañca .Nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇasannissayato kammapaccayato ca ekavidhaṃ , sārammaṇānārammaṇato duvidhaṃ , atītādito tividhaṃ , yonigativasena catubbidhaṃ pañcavidhañca .
Saḷāyatanaṃ sañjātisamosaraṇaṭṭhānato ekavidhaṃ , bhūtappasādaviññāṇādito duvidhaṃ , sampattāsampattanobhayagocarato tividhaṃ , yonigatipariyāpannato catubbidhaṃ pañcavidhañcāti iminā nayena phassādīnampi ekavidhādibhāvo veditabboti .
Evamettha ekavidhāditopi viññātabbo vinicchayo .
‘ Aṅgānañca
P0.138 vavatthānā ’ ti sokādayo cettha bhavacakkassa avicchedadassanatthaṃ vuttā .Jarāmaraṇabbhāhatassa hi bālassa te sambhavanti .
Yathāha –
‘‘ assutavā , bhikkhave , puthujjano sārīrikāya dukkhāya vedanāya phuṭṭho samāno socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati sammohamāpajjatī ’’ ti ( saṃ . ni .4.252).
Yāva ca tesaṃ pavatti tāva avijjāyāti punapi avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārāti sambandhameva hoti bhavacakkaṃ .
Tasmā tesampi jarāmaraṇeneva ekasaṅkhepaṃ katvā dvādaseva paṭiccasamuppādaṅgānīti veditabbāni .
Evamettha aṅgānaṃ vavatthānatopi viññātabbo vinicchayo .
Ayaṃ tāvettha uddesavāravasena saṅkhepakathā .
Uddesavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā .