Kammadhārayasamāsa
Atha kammadhārayasaññito paṭhamātappuriso vuccate .
Kammamiva dvayaṃ dhāretīti kammadhārayo .
Yathā kammaṃ kriyañca payojanañca dvayaṃ dhāreti kamme sati tassa dvayassa sambhavato , tathā ayaṃ samāso ekassa atthassa dve nāmāni dhāreti imasmiṃ samāse sati ekatthajotakassa nāmadvayassa sambhavatoti [ ka .324; rū .339; nī .702].
Api ca kattabbanti kammaṃ , dhāretabbanti dhāriyaṃ , kammañca taṃ dhāriyañcāti kammadhāriyaṃ , yaṃkiñci hitakammaṃ , kammadhāriyasaddasadisattā
M0.232 sabbo cāyaṃ samāso kammadhārayoti vuccati issa attaṃ katvā .Yathā hi kammadhāriyasaddo ekassa atthassa dve nāmāni dhāreti , tathā ayaṃ samāsopīti .
So eva uttarapadatthapadhānatāsaṅkhātena tappurisalakkhaṇena yuttattā ‘ tappuriso ’ ti ca vuccati .
Bhinnapavattinimittānaṃ dvinnaṃ padānaṃ visesanavisesitabbabhāvena ekasmiṃ atthe pavatti tulyādhikaraṇatā nāma , tena tulyādhikaraṇalakkhaṇena yuttattā ‘ tulyādhikaraṇasamāso ’ ti ca vuccati .
So eva ca visesanapadavasena guṇavisesadīpanattā ‘ visesanasamāso ’ ti ca vuccati .
Tasmiṃ visesanasamāse –
346. Visesanamekatthena [ ka .324; rū .339; nī .702; caṃ .2.2.18; pā .2.1.57].
Visesanabhūtaṃ syādyantapadaṃ ekatthena visesyabhūtena syādyantapadena saddhiṃ ekatthaṃ hoti .
Ettha ca visesīyati dabbaṃ visiṭṭhaṃ karīyati etenāti visesanaṃ .
Eko attho yassāti ekatthaṃ ,‘ eko ’ ti samāno ,‘ attho ’ ti abhidheyyattho , nemittakattho , soyeva dvinnaṃ pavattinimittānaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṭṭhena ‘ adhikaraṇan ’ ti ca vuccati .
Pavattinimittānañca adhiṭṭhānatte sati padānampi adhiṭṭhānatā siddhā hoti .
Iti ekatthanti tulyādhikaraṇaṃ , samānādhikaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti , tena ekatthena .
‘ Ekatthaṃ hotī ’ ti ekatthībhūtaṃ hotīti attho .
So ca samāso navavidho visesanapubbapado , visesanuttarapado , visesanobhayapado , upamānuttarapado , sambhāvanāpubbapado , avadhāraṇapubbapado , nanipātapubbapado , kunipātapubbapado , pādipubbapado cāti .
Tattha
M0.233 visesanapubbapado yathā ?Mahāpuriso , mahānadī , mahabbhayaṃ .
Ettha ca ‘‘ sā senā dissate mahā [ jā .2.22.771], bārāṇasirajjaṃ nāma mahā ’’ ti [ jā . aṭṭha .1.1. mahāsīlavajātakavaṇṇanā ] pāḷi dissati .
Tasmā samāsepi tiliṅge nipātarūpo mahāsaddo yujjati .
Mahā ca so puriso cāti mahāpuriso , mahā ca sā nadī cāti mahānadī , mahā ca taṃ bhayañcāti mahabbhayaṃ , dvittaṃ saṃyoge ca rassattaṃ .
Mahāsaddavevacanena mahantasaddenapi vākyaṃ dassetuṃ yujjati , mahanto puriso mahāpuriso , mahantī nadī mahānadī , mahantaṃ bhayaṃ mahabbhayanti .
Ca , tasaddehi ca saddhiṃ paripuṇṇaṃ katvā dassetuṃ yujjati , mahanto ca so puriso cāti mahāpuriso , mahantī ca sā nadī cāti mahānadī , mahantañca taṃ bhayañcāti mahabbhayanti .
Mahantasaddo vā mahā hoti ,‘ ṭa ntantūnan ’ ti suttena uttarapade pare ntassa sabbassa attaṃ , mahāvuttinā dīgho ca .
Ettha ca dvīhi casaddehi dvinnaṃ padānaṃ sakatthanānāttaṃ dīpeti .
Taṃsaddena sakatthanānāttepi sakatthānaṃ adhikaraṇabhūtassa dabbatthassa ekattaṃ dīpeti .
Imasmiṃ byākaraṇe visuṃ rūpavidhānakiccaṃ nāma natthi , taṃtaṃsuttavidhānañca tadanurūpaṃ dassitaviggahavākyañca disvā tassa tassa siddhapadassa atthabyañjanavinicchaye ñāte rūpavidhānakiccaṃ siddhaṃ hoti , santo ca so puriso cāti sappuriso , setahatthī , nīluppalaṃ , lohitacandanaṃ .
Visadisaliṅga , vacanāpi saddā ekatthā honti , vinayo ca so pariyatti cāti vinayapariyatti , vinayo ca so piṭakañcāti vinayapiṭakaṃ , avijjā ca sā paccayo cāti avijjāpaccayo , avijjā ca sā nīvaraṇañcāti avijjānīvaraṇaṃ .
Evaṃ itthiratanaṃ , sīlañca taṃ guṇo cāti sīlaguṇo , sīlañca taṃ patiṭṭhā cāti sīlapatiṭṭhā iccādi .
Tathā
M0.234 vīsati ca sā purisā cāti vīsatipurisā , satañca taṃ purisā cāti satapurisā , saṅkhārā ca te paccayo cāti saṅkhārapaccayo , aṅgā ca te janapadañcāti aṅgajanapadaṃ , magadhā ca te raṭṭhañcāti magadharaṭṭhaṃ .Evaṃ kāsiraṭṭhaṃ iccādi .
Idha na hoti [ rū .341; nī .681], puṇṇo mantānīputto , citto gahapati , sakko devarājā , brahmā sahampati iccādi .
Kvaci niccasamāso , kaṇhasappo , lohitamālaṃ iccādi .
Visesanuttarapado yathā ?
Sāriputtatthero , buddhaghosācariyo , ācariyaguttilo vā , mahosadhapaṇḍito , purisuttamo , purisavaro , purisaviseso iccādi .
Visesanobhayapado yathā ?
Chinnañca taṃ parūḷhañcāti chinnaparūḷhaṃ , sītañca taṃ uṇhañcāti sītuṇhaṃ , khañjo ca so khujjo cāti khañjakhujjo .
Evaṃ andhabadhiro , katañca taṃ akatañcāti katākataṃ , chiddāvachiddaṃ , chinnabhinnaṃ , sittañca taṃ sammaṭṭhañcāti sittasammaṭṭhaṃ , santassa bhāvo saccaṃ , akhemaṭṭhena dukkhañca taṃ aviparītaṭṭhena saccañcāti dukkhasaccaṃ iccādi .
Upamānuttarapado yathā ?
Sīho viyāti sīho , muni ca so sīho cāti munisīho .
Evaṃ munipuṅgavo , buddhanāgo , buddhādicco , raṃsi viyāti raṃsi , saddhammo ca so raṃsi cāti saddhammaraṃsi .
Evaṃ vinayasāgaro , samaṇapadumo , samaṇapuṇḍarīko iccādi .
Sambhāvanāpubbapado yathā ?
Hetu hutvā paccayo hetupaccayo .
Evaṃ ārammaṇapaccayo , manussabhūto , devabhūto , dhammo iti saṅkhāto dhammasaṅkhāto , dhammasammato , dhammasaññito
M0.235 , dhammalakkhito , eva iti saṅkhāto saddo evasaddo .Evaṃ casaddo , vāsaddo , ariyabhūto saṅgho ariyasaṅgho .
Evaṃ buddhamuni , paccekamuni iccādi .
Ettha ca sambhāvanā nāma sāmaññabhūtassa uttarapadatthassa daḷhaṃ katvā thomanā sarūpavisesadīpanā , na guṇamattadīpanāti adhippāyo .
Garū pana ‘‘ dhammo iti buddhi dhammabuddhi .
Evaṃ dhammasaññā , aniccasaññā , dhātusaññā , mātusaññā , pāṇasaññitā , attadiṭṭhi ’’ iccādīnipi ettha āharanti , imāni pana ‘‘ saraṇaṃ iti gato upagato saraṇaṅgato ’’ ti padaṃ viya itiluttāni paṭhamātappurisapadāni nāma yujjantīti [ rū .343; nī .702].
Avadhāraṇapubbapado yathā ?
Guṇo eva dhanaṃ na maṇisuvaṇṇādīti guṇadhanaṃ .
Evaṃ saddhādhanaṃ , sīladhanaṃ , cakkhu eva dvāraṃ na gāmadvārādīti cakkhudvāraṃ .
Evaṃ cakkhuvatthu , cakkhundriyaṃ , cakkhāyatanaṃ , cakkhudhātu , khandhā eva bhārā khandhabhārā .
Ettha ca yadi bharitabbaṭṭhena bhārā nāma siyuṃ , pañcakkhandhā eva bhārā nāma siyuṃ , na sīsabhāra , aṃsabhārādayo .
Khandhā hi niccabhārā honti , itare tāvakālikā , khandhamūlikā cāti .
Evaṃ atisayatthasambhāvanatthaṃ khandhā eva bhārāti avadhāraṇavākyaṃ payujjati , na sīsabhārādīnaṃ sabbaso bhārabhāvapaṭikkhipanatthanti .
Evaṃ sabbattha , avijjā eva malaṃ na kaṃsamalādikanti avijjāmalaṃ , avijjā eva āsavo na madhvāsavādikoti avijjāsavo .
Evaṃ taṇhāsallaṃ , paññāsatthaṃ , paññāloko , paññāpajjoto , rāgaggi , dosaggi , mohaggi iccādi .
Garū pana ‘‘ dhanaṃ viyāti dhanaṃ , saddhā eva ariyānaṃ dhanaṃ saddhādhanaṃ , satthaṃ viyāti satthaṃ , paññā eva satthaṃ paññāsatthan ’’ ti yojenti , evaṃ sati atisayasambhāvanattho na sijjhati [ rū .343; nī .702].
347. Nanipātapubbapade nau [ ka .326; rū .341; nī .707].
Ñānubandho
M0.236 paṭisedhamhā aññanakāra nivattanattho , nauiccetaṃ syādyantaṃ aññena syādyantena saha ekatthaṃ hoti .Iminā nañe katthasaññaṃ katvā –
348. Ṭa naussa [ ka .333; rū .344; nī .717; caṃ .2.2.20; pā .2.2.6;‘‘ nau ’’( bahūsu )].
Uttarapade pare nauiccetassa ṭānubandho a hotīti nassa attaṃ .
Na brāhmaṇo abrāhmaṇo .
Ettha siyā – kiṃ vijjamānassa vāyaṃ nisedho , udāhu avijjamānassa vāti , kiñcettha – yadi vijjamānassa nisedho , evaṃ sati loke vijjamānā sabbe brāhmaṇā abrāhmaṇā nāma bhaveyyuṃ .
Tasmā ‘‘ idha jano na brāhmaṇo , tattha jano na brāhmaṇo ’’ tiādinā desādiniyamaṃ vinā loke vijjamānassa brāhmaṇassa nisedho na yujjati , atha loke avijjamānassa nisedho , evañca sati kiṃ avijjamānassa nisedhena nisedhanīyasseva avijjamānattāti ?
Vuccate – taṃsadisādiatthesu tabbohārassevāyaṃ nisedho .
Tathā hi brāhmaṇasadise abrāhmaṇe kesañci brāhmaṇasaññā saṇṭhāti , saññānurūpañca brāhmaṇavohāro tasmiṃ pavattati , evaṃ pavattassa abrāhmaṇe brāhmaṇavohārassa ayaṃ paṭisedho hoti .
Yathā taṃ ?
Lokasmiṃ bālajanānaṃ micchāsaññāvasena micchāvohāro pavattatiyeva ‘‘ rūpaṃ attā , vedanā attā ’’ iccādi , tesaṃ tassa micchābhāvakhyāpanatthaṃ paṭisedho yojiyati ‘‘ rūpaṃ anattā , vedanā anattā ’’[ mahāva .20] iccādi .
Ettāvatā suddhabrāhmaṇasaddassapi micchāvasena taṃsadise atthe pavattisambhavo siddho hoti , nakārassa
M0.237 ca tadatthajotakamattatā siddhā hoti , evañca sati uttarapadatthapadhānatāsaṅkhātaṃ tappurisalakkhaṇampi idha na virujjhati , tasmā abrāhmaṇoti brāhmaṇasadisoti vuttaṃ hoti .Esa nayo tadañña , tabbiruddha , tadabhāvatthādīsu .
Tattha tadaññatthe –
Saṅkhatā dhammā asaṅkhatā dhammā [ dha . sa . dukamātikā 8].
Ettha ca na saṅkhatā asaṅkhatā , saṅkhatadhammehi aññe dhammāti attho .
Tabbiruddhe –
Akusalo , kusalapaṭipakkho dhammoti attho .
Tadabhāve –
Na katvā akatvā , karaṇena sabbaso vināti attho .
Duvidho paṭisedho pasajjapaṭisedho , payirudāsapaṭisedho cāti .
Tattha attanā yuttapadatthaṃ pasajja laggetvā paṭisedhetīti pasajjapaṭisedho , tadabhāvamattajotako nakāro , kriyāmattanisedhoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Akatvā , akātuṃ , akaronto , na karoti , na kātabbaṃ iccādi .
Pasajjamatte aṭṭhatvā taṃsadisādike paritobhāge uggayha nisedhetabbaṃ atthaṃ asati khipati chaḍḍetīti payirudāso , taṃsadisādijotako , dabbanisedhoti vuttaṃ hoti .
Abrāhmaṇo iccādi .
Evaṃ asamaṇo , asakyaputtiyo , amitto , mittadhammavidhuroti attho .
349. Ana sare [ ka .334; rū .345; nī .718; caṃ .5.2.119; pā .6.3.105].
Sare pare nauiccetassa ana hoti .
Na
M0.238 ariyo anariyo , ariyadhammavimukhoti attho .Na āvāso anāvāso , na issaro anissaro .
Na īti anīti ,‘ ītī ’ ti upaddavo , na yutto upāyo anupāyo , na ūmi anūmi , na yuttā esanā anesanā , na yutto okāso anokāso , na atikkamma anatikkamma , anādāya , anoloketvā iccādi .
Bahulādhikārā ayuttatthānampi samāso hoti [ ka .336; rū .347; nī .689], puna na gāyitabbāti apunageyyā , gāthā , candaṃ na ullokentīti acandamullokikāni , mukhāni , sūriyaṃ na passantīti asūriyapassā , rājakaññā , saddhaṃ na bhuñjati sīlenāti asaddhabhojī .
Evaṃ alavaṇabhojī , atthaṃ na kāmentīti anatthakāmā .
Evaṃ ahitakāmā , okāsaṃ na kāresīti anokāsaṃkāretvā .
Evaṃ animittaṃkatvā , mūlamūlaṃ na gacchatīti amūlamūlaṃgantvā iccādi .
‘‘ Puna gāyitabbāti punageyyā , na punageyyā apunageyyā .
Atthaṃ kāmentīti atthakāmā , na atthakāmā anatthakāmā .
Atha vā na attho anattho , anatthaṃ kāmentīti anatthakāmā ’’ iccādinā vākye yojite pana yuttasamāsā honti .
Garū pana ‘‘ atthaṃ na kāmenti anatthameva kāmentīti anatthakāmā , hitaṃ na kāmenti ahitameva kāmentīti ahitakāmā , phāsuṃ na kāmenti aphāsumeva kāmentīti aphāsukāmā ’’ ti yojesuṃ , dvādhippāyapadaṃ nāmetaṃ .
Kunipātapubbapade niccasamāsattā aññapadena viggaho , khuddakā nadī kunnadī , khuddako sombho kusombho , khuddakaṃ vanaṃ kubbanaṃ .
350. Sare kada kussuttaratthe [ ka .335; rū .346; nī .719].
Sarādike
M0.239 uttarapade pare uttarapadatthe vattamānassa kunipātassa kadi hoti .Kucchitaṃ annaṃ kadannaṃ , kucchitaṃ asanaṃ kadasanaṃ , kucchito ariyo kadariyo , maccharī .
Sareti kiṃ ?
Kuputtā , kudārā , kudāsā .
Uttarattheti kiṃ ?
Kucchito oṭṭho yassāti kuoṭṭho .
351. Kāppatthe [ ka .336; rū .347; nī .720].
Uttarapade pare uttarapadatthe ṭhitassa appatthe vattamānassa kunipātassa kā hoti vā .
Appakaṃ lavaṇaṃ kālavaṇaṃ .
Evaṃ kāpupphaṃ .
Pādipubbapado ca niccasamāsova , pakaṭṭhaṃ vacanaṃ pāvacanaṃ , dīghattaṃ , pakaṭṭhaṃ hutvā nītaṃ paṇītaṃ , pamukhaṃ hutvā dhānaṃ padhānaṃ .
Evaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ , vividhā mati vimati , adhiko devo adhidevo , atireko viseso vā dhammo abhidhammo , sundaro gandho sugandho , kucchito gandho duggandho .
Sobhaṇaṃ kataṃ sukataṃ , kucchitaṃ kataṃ dukkaṭaṃ , viparīto patho uppatho .
Evaṃ ummaggo , uddhammo , ubbinayoiccādi .
Ayampi kammadhārayasamāso abhidheyyavacano parapadaliṅgo ca .
Kammadhārayasamāso niṭṭhito .